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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

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Olfactory stimulation induces delayed responses in epilepsy.

Mariana S Lunardi1, Katia Lin2, Rūta Mameniškienė3

  • 1Centro de Epilepsia de Santa Catarina (CEPESC), Hospital Governador Celso Ramos (HGCR), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.

Epilepsy & Behavior : E&B
|June 27, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Olfactory stimulation (OS) can inhibit or provoke epileptic discharges in epilepsy patients. This study found OS less provocative than standard methods, with frequent subclinical modulation in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) and idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE).

Keywords:
Generalized seizuresHippocampal sclerosisIctogenesisOlfactory stimulationReflex seizuresSystem epilepsies

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Epilepsy Research

Background:

  • Sensory stimuli can influence seizures, offering insights into epilepsy mechanisms and non-pharmacological therapies.
  • Olfactory stimulation (OS) is explored for its potential to modulate epileptiform discharges (EDs).
  • The temporal lobe's connection to the olfactory system suggests a potential for greater modulation in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the modulation (provocation or inhibition) of EDs by OS in MTLE versus idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE).
  • To compare the effects of OS with standard provocation methods like hyperventilation and intermittent photic stimulation.
  • To test the hypothesis that OS effects are more pronounced in MTLE due to anatomical links.

Main Methods:

  • A multicenter, international study involving 134 subjects (55 MTLE, 53 IGE, 26 controls).
  • EEG/video-EEG protocol including baseline, OS (ylang-ylang), hyperventilation, and intermittent photic stimulation.
  • Modulation defined as EDs outside the 95% confidence interval of baseline EDs.

Main Results:

  • OS inhibited EDs in approximately half of patients with both MTLE and IGE.
  • Provocation occurred in 29.1% of MTLE patients following OS; inhibition occurred in 28.3% of IGE patients.
  • OS was less provocative than standard activation methods, with frequent subclinical modulation observed.

Conclusions:

  • Olfactory stimulation frequently modulates epileptic activity subclinically in both MTLE and IGE.
  • Inhibition during OS may be due to nonspecific arousal.
  • Delayed responses suggest involvement of the temporal lobe, thalamus, and frontal cortex in processing olfactory stimuli.