Dehydroepiandrosterone, Its Sulfate and Cognitive Functions

Area of Science:

• Neuroendocrinology
• Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

• Hormonal influences on cognitive function are increasingly recognized.
• Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfated form (DHEA-S) are adrenal androgens with potential roles in brain function.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review cross-sectional and longitudinal studies examining the relationship between DHEA/DHEA-S and various cognitive domains.
• To synthesize current evidence on the impact of these hormones on cognition in humans.

Main Methods:

• A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and PsycINFO.
• Studies investigating DHEA/DHEA-S and global cognition, memory, attention, executive function, intelligence, perception, and visuospatial ability were included.
• A total of 25 relevant studies were selected after initial screening and application of inclusion/exclusion criteria.

Main Results:

• A positive association was observed between DHEA-S blood levels and global cognitive function in both men and women.
• Specific cognitive benefits, including enhanced working memory, attention, and verbal fluency, were linked to DHEA-S in women.
• Evidence for DHEA's cognitive effects was limited, primarily from a single study in young men using high doses.

Conclusions:

• DHEA-S demonstrates a consistent positive correlation with global cognitive performance across sexes.
• DHEA-S may play a more pronounced role in specific cognitive functions, particularly in women.
• Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms and dose-dependent effects of DHEA on cognition.