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Parenteral drug delivery systems play a crucial role in modern therapeutics by enabling the direct administration of drugs into the systemic circulation, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract. These systems are particularly valuable for poorly absorbed oral medications that are unstable in the digestive environment or require rapid onset or sustained therapeutic levels. Delivery is achieved through intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous routes, each selected based on the drug's properties...
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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...
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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
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Modeling of Drug Delivery by A Pump Driven Micro-Needle Array System.

Kai Chen1, Min Pan1, Zhi-Gang Feng2

  • 1School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China.

The Open Biomedical Engineering Journal
|June 28, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This study models drug infusion through hollow micro-needles, finding that while needle expansion is brief, diffusion drives continued infusion in absorptive materials. This research aids painless drug delivery system development.

Keywords:
Drug delivery systemfluid infusioninfusion flowmicro-needle

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Micro-needles offer a minimally invasive alternative for transdermal drug delivery.
  • Traditional methods face challenges with the stratum corneum barrier.
  • Hollow micro-needle arrays are explored for enhanced drug infusion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and present a mathematical model for characterizing fluid flow in hollow micro-needle arrays.
  • To analyze the infusion dynamics, including expansion and diffusion, driven by a micro-pump.
  • To predict the behavior of drug infusion over time.

Main Methods:

  • A mathematical model was developed based on the assumption of spherical expansion and diffusion for each micro-needle.
  • The model calculates time-varying expansion radius and diffusion boundary.
  • Material properties and micro-needle system parameters were utilized as inputs.

Main Results:

  • Micro-needle expansion and flow rate were found to be transient, ceasing rapidly.
  • The diffusion boundary significantly exceeded the expansion zone.
  • Continued infusion was observed in absorptive materials due to diffusion.

Conclusions:

  • The mathematical model provides insights into the dynamics of micro-needle infusion.
  • Diffusion plays a critical role in sustained drug delivery beyond initial needle expansion.
  • Experimental validation in silicon rubber and polyacrylamide gel supported the model's predictions.