Coating Carbon Nanosphere with Patchy Gold for Production of Highly Efficient Photothermal Agent

Gold- or carbon-based photothermal therapy (PTT) agents have shown encouraging therapeutic effects of PTT in the near-infrared region (NIR) in many preclinical animal experiments. It is expected that gold/carbon hybrid nanomaterial will possess combinational NIR light absorption and can achieve further improvement in photothermal conversion efficiency. In this work, we design and construct a novel PTT agent by coating a carbon nanosphere with patchy gold. To synthesize this composite particle with Janus structure, a new versatile approach based on a facile adsorption-reduction method was presented. Different from the conventional fabrication procedures, the formation of patchy gold in this approach is mainly a thermodynamics-driven spontaneous process. The results show that when compared with the conventional PTT agent gold nanorod the obtained nanocomposites not only have higher photothermal conversion efficiency but also perform more thermally stable. On the basis of these outstanding photothermal effects, the in vitro and in vivo photothermal performances in a MCF-7 cells (human breast adenocarcinoma cell line) and mice were investigated separately. Additionally, to further illustrate the advantage of this asymmetric structure, their potential was explored by selective surface functionalization, taking advantage of the affinity of both patchy gold and carbon domain to different functional molecules. These results suggest that this new hybrid nanomaterial can be used as an effective PTT agent for cancer treatment in the future.