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Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
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Obesity and diabetes: An update.

Shalini Verma1, M Ejaz Hussain1

  • 1Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi 110025, India.

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome
|June 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Obesity and diabetes, termed

Area of Science:

  • Metabolic disorders and global health crises.

Background:

  • The global rise of obesity and type 2 diabetes, often termed 'diabesity,' presents a significant public health challenge.
  • Both conditions share common pathophysiological roots, primarily insulin resistance and insulin deficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review established theories linking obesity and diabetes.
  • To update on proposed unifying metabolic defects.
  • To highlight current and future prevention and management strategies for 'diabesity'.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epidemiologic studies and recent research.
  • Synthesis of widely accepted theories and emerging metabolic defect hypotheses.

Main Results:

  • The close relationship between obesity and diabetes is underscored by shared defects in insulin action.
Keywords:
Hormonal dysfunctionInflammationMetabolic defectsPerfusionSleep disturbances

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  • Emerging research points to common metabolic disturbances including impaired tissue perfusion, sleep issues, hormonal imbalances, and gastrointestinal stress.

    • Conclusions:

    • Understanding the interconnectedness of obesity and diabetes is crucial for effective intervention.
    • Further research into unifying metabolic defects may yield novel therapeutic targets for prevention and management.