Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Use of a Video Scoring Anchor for Rapid Serial Assessment of Social Communication in Toddlers
09:16

Use of a Video Scoring Anchor for Rapid Serial Assessment of Social Communication in Toddlers

Published on: March 14, 2018

10.8K

Commentary: sex difference differences? A reply to Constantino.

Daniel S Messinger1, Gregory S Young2, Sara Jane Webb3

  • 1University of Miami, Coral Gables, USA.

Molecular Autism
|July 1, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Breast milk cytokines and infant growth trajectories in a low-income community in Bangladesh.

Pediatric research·2026
Same author

A longitudinal investigation of aggression and social skills in autistic youth.

Research in autism·2026
Same author

Trajectories of Physical Growth across Early Childhood Are Associated with Electroencephalography Power.

The Journal of nutrition·2026
Same author

Prenatal Substance Exposure and Birth Weight: Findings From the HEALthy Brain and Child Development Study.

Pediatrics·2026
Same author

Long-term cardiometabolic effects of early institutionalization and foster care: Evidence from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project.

Development and psychopathology·2026
Same author

Neurophysiological sensitivity in early childhood: EEG aperiodic slope moderates the association between maternal anxiety and child internalizing symptoms.

Development and psychopathology·2026
Same journal

Who benefits most? A randomized controlled trial for Parent-implemented social communication intervention for chinese-speaking autistic preschoolers.

Molecular autism·2026
Same journal

Autism in neurofibromatosis type 1: prevalence, phenotype and clinical implications.

Molecular autism·2026
Same journal

Developing a consensus research definition for profound autism using a modified Delphi method.

Molecular autism·2026
Same journal

Nuances of double empathy in autistic and non-autistic people: examination using the empathic accuracy paradigm.

Molecular autism·2026
Same journal

A transdiagnostic AI-based measure of interpersonal coordination in autism and other conditions.

Molecular autism·2026
Same journal

From cognitive abstraction to adaptive behavior: neural bases of concept learning in autistic adolescents.

Molecular autism·2026
See all related articles
This summary is machine-generated.

Boys are more likely than girls to have autism spectrum disorder (ASD) recurrence. Female children show better early learning and fewer repetitive behaviors, suggesting a protective effect in girls.

Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Genetics and Genomics
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) recurrence risk is higher in males.
  • Previous studies show sex differences in ASD presentation and prevalence.
  • Understanding the biological and environmental factors contributing to these differences is crucial.

Discussion:

  • The study examined sex differences in developmental trajectories and autism traits among high-risk siblings and low-risk controls.
  • Girls consistently outperformed boys on the Mullen Scales of Early Learning and exhibited less severe restricted and repetitive behaviors on the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS).
  • These findings suggest a female protective effect against ASD, evident across varying risk levels and diagnostic statuses.

Key Insights:

Keywords:
Autism spectrum disorderFemale protective effectHigh-risk siblingsSex differences

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Modeling Human Airway Remodeling and Viral Responses Using Isogenic Epithelial, Endothelial, and Immune Cells
06:27

Author Spotlight: Modeling Human Airway Remodeling and Viral Responses Using Isogenic Epithelial, Endothelial, and Immune Cells

Published on: December 6, 2024

2.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Use of a Video Scoring Anchor for Rapid Serial Assessment of Social Communication in Toddlers
09:16

Use of a Video Scoring Anchor for Rapid Serial Assessment of Social Communication in Toddlers

Published on: March 14, 2018

10.8K
Author Spotlight: Modeling Human Airway Remodeling and Viral Responses Using Isogenic Epithelial, Endothelial, and Immune Cells
06:27

Author Spotlight: Modeling Human Airway Remodeling and Viral Responses Using Isogenic Epithelial, Endothelial, and Immune Cells

Published on: December 6, 2024

2.2K
  • A 3.18 odds ratio indicates a significantly higher likelihood of ASD recurrence in males compared to females among high-risk siblings.
  • Female-favoring sex differences in early learning and autism-related behaviors were observed in both high-risk and low-risk children.
  • These quantitative sex differences may underlie the proposed female protective effect against ASD.

Outlook:

  • Further research into the mechanisms of the female protective effect is warranted.
  • Investigating genetic and hormonal factors could elucidate sex-based differences in ASD.
  • Longitudinal studies tracking developmental trajectories will refine our understanding of sex differences in neurodevelopmental disorders.