Oligonucleotide-based systems: DNA, microRNAs, DNA/RNA aptamers.

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Molecular Biology
• Genetics

Background:

• Oligonucleotide-based biosensing systems are increasingly used in genetics and biomedicine.
• These biosensors employ DNA, RNA, or synthetic nucleic acid analogues as probes to capture target analytes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review various types of nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, microRNAs) and their applications in biosensing.
• To discuss the role of DNA/RNA aptamers as bioreceptors for diverse targets.
• To highlight the impact of synthetic oligonucleotides (PNA, LNA) on biosensor development.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of oligonucleotide-based biosensing systems.
• Analysis of nucleic acid types, aptamers, and synthetic analogues (PNA, LNA).
• Examination of current and potential applications in genetics and biomedicine.

Main Results:

• DNA and RNA, including microRNAs, are crucial for biosensing applications.
• DNA/RNA aptamers serve as versatile bioreceptors for proteins, small molecules, bacteria, and cells.
• Synthetic oligonucleotides like PNA and LNA significantly advance biosensor technology.

Conclusions:

• Oligonucleotide biosensors show great promise for biomedical applications.
• Further development is required to translate laboratory-based technologies into clinical reality.