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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

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The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
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Heart Failure V: Medical Management01:30

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Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...
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Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies01:22

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Additional therapies for treating patients with heart failure (HF) may include procedural interventions, supplemental oxygen, the management of sleep disorders, and nutritional therapy.Procedural InterventionsImplantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: For patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias due to severe left ventricular dysfunction, an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) can detect and terminate these arrhythmias, preventing sudden cardiac death and improving survival rates.
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Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

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Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Testing the Efficacy of Pharmacological Agents in a Pericardial Target Delivery Model in the Swine
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Heart failure-potential new targets for therapy.

Adam Nabeebaccus1, Sean Zheng1, Ajay M Shah2

  • 1Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, UK.

British Medical Bulletin
|July 2, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Current heart failure treatments include ACE inhibitors and beta-blockers for reduced ejection fraction. Novel therapies targeting natriuretic peptides and myosin activators are in trials, with new research exploring diverse therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
HFpEFHFrEFclinical trialscontractile dysfunctionfibrosisheart failurehypertrophymicroRNA

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 18, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Translational Medicine

Background:

  • Heart failure (HF) is a significant cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
  • Current treatment guidelines focus on established therapies for specific HF types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current heart failure treatment guidelines.
  • To discuss emerging therapies in clinical trials.
  • To explore potential new therapeutic targets from basic science.

Main Methods:

  • A non-systematic literature search of MEDLINE was performed.
  • International guidelines and relevant review articles were consulted.

Main Results:

  • Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and beta-blockers are standard for chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.
  • Effective mortality-improving strategies for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction remain uncertain.
  • Novel therapies targeting natriuretic peptides, myosin activators, and other pathways are under investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Emerging therapies and novel targets offer promise for future heart failure treatment.
  • Understanding HF pathophysiology is key to developing targeted therapies for diverse patient populations.
  • Research into extracellular environment, angiogenesis, cell viability, contractile function, and microRNA-based therapies is timely.