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Detection of Extravascular Trypanosoma Parasites by Fine Needle Aspiration
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FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY OF LYMPH NODES IN HIV INFECTED PATIENTS.

S Satyanarayana1, A T Kalghatgi2, A Muralidhar3

  • 1Associate Professor. Department of Pathology, Pune-411 040.

Medical Journal, Armed Forces India
|July 2, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Fine needle aspiration cytology frequently detects lymphadenopathy in asymptomatic HIV patients, often revealing tuberculosis (TB). This method is crucial for surveillance and early opportunistic infection detection in HIV care.

Keywords:
AIDSFNACHIVLymph nodeTuberculosis

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Oncology
  • Cytopathology

Background:

  • Lymphadenopathy is a common clinical sign in individuals with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).
  • Early detection of opportunistic infections is vital for managing HIV-positive patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in detecting lymphadenopathy and opportunistic infections during routine HIV surveillance.
  • To assess the frequency and characteristics of lymphadenopathy in HIV-positive individuals.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study involving 196 HIV-positive patients undergoing six-monthly reviews.
  • Fine needle aspiration cytology was performed on enlarged lymph nodes.
  • Cytological analysis included assessment for reactive patterns, acid-fast bacilli (AFB), and other pathogens.

Main Results:

  • Lymphadenopathy was detected in 75% of asymptomatic HIV patients during surveillance.
  • Tuberculosis (TB) was the most common opportunistic infection (34.2%), with AFB positivity in 16.4% of TB cases.
  • FNAC identified pathogens irrespective of cyto-morphology, though false negatives and positives occurred.

Conclusions:

  • Fine needle aspiration cytology is a valuable tool for detecting lymphadenopathy and opportunistic infections, including TB, in HIV-positive patients.
  • FNAC should be integrated into the routine six-monthly review protocol for HIV-infected individuals.
  • Biopsy may be necessary for definitive diagnosis of conditions like lymphomas.