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Obesity01:24

Obesity

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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion01:20

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

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Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
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Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

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Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
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Drug Dosing: Obese Patients01:21

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In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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Hypothyroidism and obesity: An intriguing link.

Debmalya Sanyal1, Moutusi Raychaudhuri2

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, KPC Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
|July 2, 2016
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Summary

Hypothyroidism is controversially linked to obesity. While overt hypothyroidism causes modest weight gain, subclinical hypothyroidism

Keywords:
Hyperthyrotropinemiahypothyroidismleptinobesitythyroid autoimmunity

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolism
  • Thyroidology

Background:

  • The causal link between hypothyroidism and obesity is debated, despite common perception.
  • Overt hypothyroidism is associated with mild weight gain, but subclinical hypothyroidism's role remains unclear.
  • Obesity may influence thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, complicating population studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the complex relationship between thyroid dysfunction and obesity.
  • To clarify the role of subclinical hypothyroidism in weight gain.
  • To explore potential mechanisms linking obesity, leptin, and thyroid autoimmunity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on hypothyroidism, obesity, and thyroid autoimmunity.
  • Analysis of the impact of obesity on TSH levels and diagnostic criteria.
  • Consideration of leptin's role in obesity-related hyperthyrotropinemia and thyroid autoimmunity.

Main Results:

  • Thyroid autoantibody status may aid in diagnosing subclinical hypothyroidism in obese individuals.
  • High leptin levels in obesity might contribute to elevated TSH and increase susceptibility to thyroid autoimmunity.
  • L-T4 treatment shows modest weight loss effects only in overt hypothyroidism; benefits in subclinical cases are unproven.

Conclusions:

  • The relationship between hypothyroidism and obesity is complex and not fully causal.
  • Thyroid hormone replacement therapy is not recommended for euthyroid obese patients.
  • Further research is needed to understand obesity's impact on thyroid function and autoimmunity.