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Related Concept Videos

Formation of Species01:31

Formation of Species

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Speciation describes the formation of one or more new species from one or sometimes multiple original species. The resulting species are discrete from the parent species, and barriers to reproduction will typically exist. There are two primary mechanisms, speciation with and without geographic isolation—allopatric and sympatric speciation, respectively.
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Overview
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Trihybrid Crosses02:27

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Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal...
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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Genetics of Speciation02:16

Genetics of Speciation

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Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.
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Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

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Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans
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Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans

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Species interactions and plant polyploidy.

Kari A Segraves1, Thomas J Anneberg2

  • 1Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244 USA ksegrave@syr.edu.

American Journal of Botany
|July 3, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Polyploidy, or whole-genome duplication, can alter plant interactions with other species. While novel interactions are rare, polyploidy influences pollinators, herbivores, and pathogens, potentially enhancing evolvability.

Keywords:
coevolutionflower visitorsherbivorypathogensplant–fungal interactionspollinationpolyploidyseed dispersalsoil microbestri-trophic interactions

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Plant Sciences

Background:

  • Polyploidy is a significant driver of plant speciation with broad ecological and evolutionary impacts.
  • Polyploidy induces phenotypic changes, influencing species interactions and reciprocal effects on plant establishment and persistence.
  • The study of species interactions in polyploid plants is an emerging field, despite extensive research on polyploidy's genetic and phenotypic effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence on how polyploidy affects various species interactions, from mutualism to antagonism.
  • To investigate whether polyploidy directly causes novel interactions or creates opportunities for natural selection to form them.
  • To determine if polyploidy leads to consistent changes or idiosyncratic differences in species interactions and assess its impact on evolvability.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing evidence on polyploidy and species interactions.
  • Analysis of impacts on mutualistic, antagonistic, and other interspecific relationships.
  • Focus on three key questions regarding novelty, consistency, and evolvability of interactions.

Main Results:

  • Novel species interactions directly caused by polyploidy appear to be rare.
  • Polyploidy demonstrably induces changes in interactions with pollinators, herbivores, and pathogens.
  • Selection following whole-genome duplication likely plays a crucial role across diverse species interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Polyploidy can significantly alter plant interactions, even if novel interactions are infrequent.
  • Polyploidy may enhance the evolvability of plant species interactions under certain conditions.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand the complex interplay between polyploidy and species interactions.