Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 18, 2026
07:54
Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Published on: December 6, 2016
20.8K
Pediatric Sleep Apnea Syndrome: An Update
Zhenhong Li1, Jocelyn Celestin1, Richard F Lockey2
1Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY.
Summary
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is common in children, often caused by airway issues. Early diagnosis and treatment, like surgery for enlarged tonsils, are crucial for preventing health problems.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Sleep Medicine
- Otolaryngology
Background:
- Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a prevalent childhood condition, affecting 1%-5% of children aged 2-8 years.
- OSAS can originate from central neurologic or obstructive causes, with obstructive being the most common (>95%).
- Untreated OSAS is linked to significant comorbidities, including cardiovascular, metabolic, neurocognitive, and behavioral issues.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the prevalence, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children.
- To highlight the importance of screening for OSAS in pediatric patients.
- To discuss current treatment strategies for pediatric OSAS.
Main Methods:
- Clinical evaluation, including history and physical examination, as recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics.
- Diagnostic confirmation through polysomnography.
- Review of existing literature on pediatric OSAS.
Main Results:
- OSAS is a common condition in children with diverse pathophysiologic origins.
- Cardiovascular, metabolic, neurocognitive, and behavioral problems are potential comorbidities.
- Treatment varies based on age, medical status, polysomnography results, and the presence of upper airway obstruction.
Conclusions:
- Early screening and diagnosis of pediatric OSAS are essential.
- Surgical intervention (adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy) is a primary treatment for airway obstruction.
- Pharmacotherapy may be beneficial for mild cases, while surgery addresses underlying anatomical issues.
Related Concept Videos
01:21Sleep Apnea
731
Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
The condition is more prevalent among...
731
01:22Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management
937
Airway management is a key skill in emergency and critical care settings, as maintaining a clear airway is essential for adequate oxygenation and ventilation.Head Tilt-Chin Lift TechniqueThe head tilt-chin lift maneuver is an essential technique primarily used in patients without suspected cervical spine injuries. To perform this maneuver, one hand is placed on the patient’s forehead, and gentle pressure is applied backward to tilt the head. The fingertips of the other hand are positioned...
937
01:29Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-V: Management
3.3K
Managing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) involves a multifaceted approach to reduce symptoms, prevent exacerbations, improve overall health status, and slow disease progression. Key strategies include lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy, supportive therapies, and, in some cases, surgery. Here is an overview of the primary COPD management strategies:
Smoking Cessation
Smoking Cessation
3.3K
01:23Mechanical Ventilation III: Noninvasive Ventilation
777
Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) are essential methods in respiratory care. These ventilation techniques offer unique benefits for patients with various respiratory conditions, providing adequate support without requiring intubation. Let's explore how each method is crucial in improving patient outcomes and enhancing respiratory therapy.
Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation...
Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation...
777
01:17Other Pulmonary Disorders
1.9K
Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
1.9K
01:20Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction
4.1K
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-lasting respiratory condition requiring continuous attention and care. It is a progressive lung disease that leads to breathing challenges due to airflow obstruction. It manifests as persistent respiratory symptoms and restricted airflow resulting from abnormalities in the airways and alveoli, usually due to long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases. COPD mainly consists of two primary conditions: emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
4.1K