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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Localization Signals and Import01:46

Nuclear Localization Signals and Import

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Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry short stretches of amino acid sequences called the nuclear localization signal or NLS. Classical nuclear localization signals are of two types: monopartite and bipartite NLS. Monopartite classical NLS (cNLS) consists of a single cluster of 4-8 amino acids. Bipartite cNLS consists of two clusters of  2-3 amino acids and a 9-12 residue long proline-rich linker bridging the two clusters. Signal clusters are rich in positively charged amino acids such as...
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Nuclear Export01:42

Nuclear Export

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The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...
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Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

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Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
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Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

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Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
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Signal Sequences and Sorting Receptors01:41

Signal Sequences and Sorting Receptors

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Signal sequences are short amino acid sequences that guide newly synthesized proteins to their proper location within the cell. Classical signal sequences are fifteen to sixty amino acids long and present at the N-terminus of a polypeptide chain. Each signal sequence has a conserved segment of basic residues towards their N terminus, a hydrophobic core, and a C-terminus rich in polar residues. The C-terminus also contains a signal cleavage site and features a -3 -1 sequence motif. The -3-1...
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The Nucleolus02:55

The Nucleolus

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The nucleolus is the most prominent substructure of the nucleus. When it was first discovered, it was considered to be an isolated organelle that forms fibrils and granules. In 1931, the relationship between the nucleolus and chromosomes was first described by Heitz. He observed that the appearance and size of nucleolus varies depending on the stage of the cell cycle. He also noticed constricted regions on different chromosomes clustered together at definite cell cycle stages. These regions,...
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Nuclear import sequence identification in hOAS3 protein.

Lucia Malaguarnera1, Giuseppe Nunnari2, Michelino Di Rosa3,4

  • 1Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.

Inflammation Research : Official Journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [Et Al.]
|July 6, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The human OAS3 protein has a potential nuclear import function, influenced by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). These variations may affect its role in viral infections and interferon responses.

Keywords:
NLSNuclear localization signalsOAS3SNPUCSF ChimeracNLS Mapper

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Analysis of Spliceosomal snRNA Localization in Human Hela Cells Using Microinjection
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) proteins synthesize 2',5'-linked phosphodiester bonds, polymerizing ATP into adenosine oligomers.
  • OAS3 produces shorter 2-5A oligomers compared to other OAS family members, exhibiting low affinity for RNase L.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the nuclear localization signal (NLS) of the human OAS3 protein.
  • To identify potential single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) affecting OAS3 nuclear import.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized cNLS Mapper, PredictProtein, and COMPARTMENTS for NLS prediction.
  • Employed UCSF Chimera for molecular visualization and The Human Protein Atlas for cellular localization confirmation.
  • Analyzed Ensembl Variation Table to identify SNPs within the OAS3 NLS sequence.

Main Results:

  • Identified a putative NLS in OAS3 (11 and 5 amino acids) with high prediction scores.
  • Confirmed OAS3 localization in the cytoplasm and nucleus, excluding nucleoli, across various cell lines.
  • Discovered six known variant SNPs in the NLS region, with three missense variations significantly reducing the NLS prediction score.

Conclusions:

  • The catalytically inactive domain of human OAS3 possesses a potential nuclear import function.
  • This nuclear import function is susceptible to modulation by SNPs.
  • These SNP-driven alterations in OAS3 function may influence its role in antiviral defense and interferon signaling pathways.