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Using satellite imagery and GPS technology to create random sampling frames in high risk environments.

Yihan Lin1, David Paul Kuwayama2

  • 1University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, 12631 E. 17th Ave, C302, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.

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Summary

This study introduces a novel method for health surveys in areas lacking infrastructure, using satellite imagery and GPS to create accurate, representative samples of vulnerable populations. This approach enhances data collection in challenging environments.

Keywords:
GPSGeocodeGeographic information systemsHealth questionnaireHealth surveyImageryInternally displacedPersonRefugeeSampling frameSatellite

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Area of Science:

  • Geospatial analysis
  • Public health research
  • Survey methodology

Background:

  • Health surveys are crucial for policy but face sampling challenges in areas lacking traditional infrastructure or census data.
  • Vulnerable populations in conflict zones, such as internally displaced persons (IDPs), require innovative survey methods.
  • Traditional sampling frames (addresses, phone numbers) are often unavailable in such settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a novel method for obtaining representative samples for health surveys in data-scarce environments.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of using satellite imagery, GIS, and GPS for sampling in challenging locations.
  • To provide a scalable and adaptable sampling technique for diverse survey needs.

Main Methods:

  • High-resolution satellite imagery of Kerenik Camp, Darfur, was acquired to identify potential domiciles.
  • Identified structures were geocoded with unique IDs and coordinates; a random sample was selected.
  • Researchers used handheld GPS devices to navigate to selected coordinates for survey administration.

Main Results:

  • A total of 2219 geocoded points were visited, with 1655 (74.6%) confirmed as unique domiciles.
  • The survey achieved a participation rate of 87.1%.
  • The effective rate of completed surveys per geocoded point was 39.1%.

Conclusions:

  • The described sampling technique enables the creation of a sampling frame without traditional infrastructure, ideal for vulnerable populations.
  • Remote construction of sampling frames prior to fieldwork is a key advantage, especially in insecure environments with limited time.
  • This method is particularly useful for surveys in areas lacking census data, postal addresses, or telephone numbers, offering a robust alternative for random sampling.