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Updated: Mar 18, 2026
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Symptom Assessment of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis Using an Allergen Exposure Chamber
Published on: March 3, 2023
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Phenotypes and Emerging Endotypes of Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Claus Bachert1, Cezmi A Akdis2
1Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Division of ENT Diseases, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Summary
Chronic rhinosinusitis endotyping, focusing on T helper cells, offers better insights into inflammation than clinical phenotypes. This approach aids in predicting disease progression and personalizing treatments for better patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Otolaryngology
- Pathology
Background:
- Clinical criteria for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) phenotypes lack insight into underlying inflammatory mechanisms.
- Current diagnostic methods like endoscopy and CT scans are insufficient for understanding individual patient pathology.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the importance of endotyping CRS based on pathomechanisms for personalized medicine.
- To explore how endotyping can guide treatment selection and identify novel therapeutic targets.
Main Methods:
- Structuring CRS endotyping around T helper cell populations and their downstream inflammatory events.
- Analyzing associated cytokines, chemokines, and markers like IgE for distinct endotypes.
Main Results:
- Endotyping provides a deeper understanding of CRS pathology compared to traditional phenotyping.
- This approach is crucial for patient selection and predicting treatment response for new biological therapies.
Conclusions:
- Endotyping CRS based on inflammatory pathways is essential for advancing disease management.
- Defining specific biomarkers through endotyping is critical for the effective use of emerging biological treatments.
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