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Related Concept Videos

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management01:28

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

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Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
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Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

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Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
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Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction01:24

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Esophageal varices are dilated, tortuous veins which are found mainly in the submucosa of the lower esophagus but which may also appear higher up or extend into the stomach. They develop due to increased pressure in the portal venous system, often as a result of liver cirrhosis. This condition scars and damages the liver, impeding normal blood flow through the portal vein. To compensate, blood seeks alternative pathways, forming fragile new vessels (varices) in the esophagus and stomach. These...
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A pulmonary embolism occurs when a thrombus, amniotic fluid, tumor tissue, fat, or air embolus blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. Effective nursing management and patient education are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing recurrence.Nursing management starts with obtaining a comprehensive patient history, particularly noting any history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Assess for clinical manifestations, including dyspnea, chest pain, crackles, heart murmurs, and signs of right-sided...
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Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

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Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
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Varicose Veins I: Introduction01:26

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Varicose veins, or varicosities, are abnormally dilated and twisted superficial veins caused by venous valve incompetence. This condition commonly affects the lower extremities, especially the saphenous veins, due to the higher pressure from prolonged standing and walking. However, varicosities can also occur in other areas, such as the esophagus, vulva, spermatic cords, and anorectal region.Etiology and typesPrimary varicose veins, often idiopathic, are more common in women due to inherent...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Left Atrial Stenosis Induced Pulmonary Venous Arterialization and Group 2 Pulmonary Hypertension in Rat
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Pulmonary varix: A case report.

Jorge Haddad1, André Badran1, Rafael Pavão1

  • 1Catheterization and Interventional Cardiology - Hospital das Clínicas - Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine - University of São Paulo, Brazil.

Revista Portuguesa De Cardiologia : Orgao Oficial Da Sociedade Portuguesa De Cardiologia = Portuguese Journal of Cardiology : an Official Journal of the Portuguese Society of Cardiology
|July 11, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Multiple pulmonary varices, rare venous dilatations in the lungs, can appear at any age. This condition often presents as a lung mass, leading to varied clinical outcomes.

Keywords:
AneurismaAneurysmHipertensão pulmonarPulmonary arterial hypertensionPulmonary veinsVaricesVarizesVeias Pulmonares

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pulmonology
  • Vascular Medicine

Background:

  • Pulmonary varices are uncommon vascular anomalies involving dilatations of pulmonary veins.
  • They can occur independently or be linked to pulmonary vein obstruction.

Observation:

  • This case highlights multiple pulmonary varices, a rare condition.
  • The presentation mimicked a lung mass on imaging.

Findings:

  • The disease is characterized by aneurysmatic venous dilatations within the lungs.
  • It affects all age groups without gender bias.

Implications:

  • Understanding pulmonary varices is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.
  • This case underscores the importance of considering rare vascular conditions in lung mass differentials.