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The Ras Gene

The Ras Gene

The Ras-gene-encoded proteins are regulators of signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, or cell survival. The Ras-gene family in humans constitutes three primary members—the HRas, NRas, and KRas. These genes code for four functionally distinct yet closely related proteins—the HRas, NRas, KRas4A, and KRas4B. The involvement of mutant Ras genes in human cancer was first discovered in 1982 and is among the most common causes of human tumorigenesis.
Ras is a...

Abnormal Proliferation

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...

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Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Molecular Biomarker Testing for Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Molecular Biomarker Testing for Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Published on: September 8, 2023

K-Ras Mutations in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Prognostic and Predictive Value.

Manolo D'Arcangelo¹, Federico Cappuzzo¹

¹Istituto Toscano Tumori, Ospedale Civile di Livorno, 57100 Livorno, Italy.

ISRN Molecular Biology

|July 12, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

K-RAS mutations are common in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), particularly adenocarcinoma. This review critically analyzes the prognostic and predictive value of these K-RAS mutations in NSCLC patients.

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Next Generation Sequencing for the Detection of Actionable Mutations in Solid and Liquid Tumors

Next Generation Sequencing for the Detection of Actionable Mutations in Solid and Liquid Tumors

Published on: September 20, 2016

Area of Science:

Oncology
Molecular Biology
Genetics

Background:

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) exhibits molecular heterogeneity, with driver mutations like EGFR and ALK offering targeted therapies.
K-RAS mutations, prevalent in Caucasian lung adenocarcinoma (approx. 50%), lack specific targeted drugs.
RAS genes (H-RAS, K-RAS, N-RAS) regulate cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis.

Purpose of the Study:

To critically analyze the prognostic and predictive value of K-RAS mutations in NSCLC.
To evaluate the role of K-RAS mutations in treatment selection for NSCLC patients.

Main Methods:

Literature review and critical analysis of existing studies.
Examination of K-RAS mutation prevalence in NSCLC subtypes.
Assessment of K-RAS as a predictive biomarker in NSCLC treatment.

Main Results:

K-RAS mutations are found in 20-30% of NSCLC, predominantly in adenocarcinoma and smokers.
Unlike in colorectal cancer, K-RAS mutation's predictive role in NSCLC treatment remains undefined.
No specific drugs have demonstrated efficacy for NSCLC patients with K-RAS mutations.

Conclusions:

K-RAS mutations represent a significant challenge in NSCLC treatment due to lack of targeted therapies.
Further research is needed to define the prognostic and predictive significance of K-RAS mutations in NSCLC.
Understanding K-RAS mutation's role could lead to improved treatment strategies for a subset of NSCLC patients.