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Related Concept Videos

Deformation in a Circular Shaft01:10

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One of the distinctive characteristics of circular shafts is their ability to maintain their cross-sectional integrity under torsion. In other words, each cross-section continues to exist as a flat, unaltered entity, simply rotating like a solid, rigid slab. To understand the distribution of shearing stress within such a shaft, consider a cylindrical section inside this circular shaft. This section has a length of L and a radius of R, with one end fixed. The radius of the cylindrical section is...
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Thin-Walled Hollow Shafts01:15

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In analyzing a thin-walled hollow shaft subjected to torsional loading, a segment with width dx is isolated for examination. Despite its equilibrium state, this segment faces torsional shearing forces at its ends. These forces are quantitatively described by the product of the longitudinal shearing stress on the segment's minor surface and the area of this surface, leading to the concept of shear flow. This shear flow is consistent throughout the structure, indicating a uniform distribution of...
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Plastic Deformation in Circular Shafts01:20

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When materials are subjected to forces that surpass their yield strength, they undergo a process known as plastic deformation. This results in a permanent alteration or strain in their structure. This concept can be specifically applied to circular shafts, where the deformation leads to a change in its shape. The precise evaluation of this plastic deformation requires understanding the stress distribution within the circular shaft, which is achieved by calculating the maximum shearing stress in...
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Designing a solid shaft that transmits power from a motor to a machine tool involves a series of calculations to ensure the shaft can withstand the stresses applied by bending moments and torques. First, calculate the torque exerted on the gear, considering the power transmitted by the shaft and its rotational speed. Following this, compute the tangential forces acting on the gears, which directly relate to the torque and the gear radius.
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In materials that exhibit elastic and plastic behavior, known as elastoplastic materials, residual stresses can accumulate when these materials experience plastic deformation. This deformation arises from either high levels of shearing stress or significant strains. Residual stresses are internal stresses that persist within a material after removing the external force causing deformation. This phenomenon is demonstrated when observing the behavior of a shaft under torque; notably, the...
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Scaled hydraulic models of dam spillways provide a practical way to replicate and study the intricate flow dynamics of these structures. Often built to a 1:15 ratio, these models allow for observing critical water behavior, such as velocity distribution, flow patterns, and energy dissipation.
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Modelling the deflection of rowing oar shafts.

Brock Laschowski1, Cameron C Hopkins2, John R de Bruyn2

  • 1a School of Kinesiology , University of Western Ontario , London , Canada.

Sports Biomechanics
|July 12, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Rowing oar shafts exhibit non-uniform stiffness, being more flexible near the sleeves and stiffer towards the blades. This variation impacts boat propulsion and overall rowing performance.

Keywords:
Flexural rigiditybeam theorycantilever

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Engineering
  • Biomechanics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Rowing oar shafts are critical components influencing boat propulsion and performance.
  • Understanding oar shaft mechanics under load is essential for optimizing rowing efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the static deflection of rowing oar shafts.
  • To compare experimental results with theoretical models of homogenous cantilever beams.
  • To analyze the impact of non-uniform stiffness on oar shaft deflection.

Main Methods:

  • Tested two sets of sculling oars with varying design stiffness at different lengths (2.66–2.70 m).
  • Applied static loads up to 201 N to the blade end.
  • Measured deflections at six positions along the oar shaft length.

Main Results:

  • Oar shafts demonstrated non-uniform stiffness, contrary to homogenous beam assumptions.
  • Shafts were most compliant near the sleeves and up to 80% stiffer towards the blades.
  • Maximum deflection angle at the blade end was 1.18 ± 0.01°.

Conclusions:

  • The non-uniform stiffness of rowing oar shafts significantly affects their mechanical behavior.
  • These findings have direct implications for improving boat propulsion and rowing performance through oar design.