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Ventral striatal hyperconnectivity during rewarded interference control in adolescents with ADHD
Ili Ma1, Mieke van Holstein2, Gabry W Mies1
1Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Summary
Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) exhibit heightened neural responses to rewards and altered brain connectivity, impacting cognitive control. This suggests inefficient neural pathways for integrating reward information with cognitive tasks in ADHD.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Developmental Psychology
- Cognitive Science
Background:
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is linked to cognitive deficits and altered reward processing.
- Theoretical models suggest abnormal interactions between incentive motivation and cognitive control in ADHD.
- The specific neural mechanisms of reward modulation on cognitive control in ADHD remain unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the neural mechanisms underlying reward's modulation of cognitive control in adolescents with ADHD.
- To compare brain activity and functional connectivity during a rewarded cognitive task between adolescents with and without ADHD.
Main Methods:
- Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was employed.
- Participants included adolescents (14-17 years) with ADHD (n=25) and healthy controls (n=33).
- A rewarded Stroop color-word task was used to assess neural responses and connectivity.
Main Results:
- Adolescents with ADHD showed increased reward signaling in the superior frontal gyrus and ventral striatum (VS).
- Hyperconnectivity between the VS and motor control regions was observed in the ADHD group during reward-cognitive control integration.
- This connectivity correlated with performance improvements in controls, but not in the ADHD group, indicating inefficiency.
Conclusions:
- Adolescents with ADHD display heightened neural sensitivity to rewards and altered integration of reward with interference control.
- Findings support theories of disrupted reward-cognitive control interactions in ADHD.
- The study highlights inefficient neural connectivity in ADHD related to reward processing and cognitive control.
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