Acute Aortic Dissection Biomarkers Identified Using Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantitation

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Proteomics
• Medical Diagnostics

Background:

• Acute aortic dissection (AAD) is a life-threatening condition requiring rapid diagnosis.
• Current diagnostic methods can be invasive or delayed.
• Novel serum biomarkers are needed for early and accurate AAD detection.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the diagnostic utility of serum biomarkers for AAD.
• To identify potential biomarkers using isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantitation (iTRAQ) technology.
• To validate candidate biomarkers in a larger patient cohort.

Main Methods:

• Serum samples from AAD patients and healthy controls were analyzed using iTRAQ.
• Protein expression profiles were compared to identify differentially expressed proteins.
• Candidate biomarkers (Lumican, CRP, TSP-1, D-dimer) were validated in patients with chest pain.
• Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess diagnostic performance.

Main Results:

• iTRAQ identified 355 proteins, with 164 meeting strict quantitative standards.
• Lumican and D-dimer showed significant diagnostic value (AUCs 0.895 and 0.891, respectively).
• Lumican demonstrated high specificity (98.33%), while D-dimer showed high sensitivity (93.33%).
• Combined detection of Lumican and D-dimer achieved 88.33% sensitivity and 95% specificity.

Conclusions:

• Lumican and D-dimer are promising serum biomarkers for AAD diagnosis.
• Lumican exhibits high specificity, and D-dimer exhibits high sensitivity for AAD.
• The combined use of Lumican and D-dimer enhances diagnostic accuracy for acute aortic dissection.