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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Behavioral Assessment of Manual Dexterity in Non-Human Primates
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Behavioral Assessment of Manual Dexterity in Non-Human Primates

Published on: November 11, 2011

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Pre-Columbian monkey tools.

Michael Haslam1, Lydia V Luncz1, Richard A Staff1

  • 1Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK.

Current Biology : CB
|July 13, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Archaeological evidence reveals Brazilian bearded capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) used stone tools for at least 700 years, representing the oldest non-human tools found outside Africa. This discovery challenges our understanding of primate technological evolution.

Area of Science:

  • Archaeology
  • Primatology
  • Paleoanthropology

Background:

  • Current understanding of non-human animal tool use is limited, primarily focusing on African chimpanzees.
  • Anthropocentric biases in research restrict comparative insights into the evolution of technology.

Discussion:

  • Archaeological techniques applied to stone tool assemblages from Brazilian bearded capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) in Serra da Capivara National Park (SCNP).
  • Dating of capuchin stone tool use for processing food, such as cashew nuts, back to 600-700 years ago.
  • Identification of capuchin stone hammers and anvils as the oldest known non-human tools outside of Africa.

Key Insights:

  • The discovery of ancient capuchin stone tools significantly expands the geographical scope of non-human tool use evidence.

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  • This finding provides crucial data for comparative studies on the origins and dissemination of tool use among New World monkeys.
  • It opens avenues for investigating the social, ecological, and cognitive factors driving primate technological evolution.

    • Outlook:

    • Further research can explore the spread and development of tool use traditions in New World monkeys.
    • Investigating the cognitive and ecological drivers behind capuchin tool use can refine evolutionary models of technology.
    • Comparative analyses with other primate species can illuminate convergent or divergent evolutionary pathways in tool technology.