[Lifestyle interventions affect the surgical outcome].

Area of Science:

• Surgical outcomes research
• Lifestyle medicine
• Public health

Background:

• Poor nutritional status, obesity, smoking, alcohol use, and low physical fitness are linked to adverse surgical outcomes.
• Existing observational data highlights these associations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the impact of lifestyle factors on surgical outcomes.
• To assess the effectiveness of interventions like smoking cessation and alcohol abstinence.

Main Methods:

• Review of observational and interventional studies.
• Analysis of data on lifestyle modifications and their effect on surgical results.

Main Results:

• Preoperative smoking cessation, alcohol abstinence, and exercise show positive effects on wound healing and infection rates.
• These interventions are particularly relevant for patients undergoing benign surgery.

Conclusions:

• Smoking cessation and alcohol abstinence are recommended for patients undergoing benign surgery.
• Further research is needed for other lifestyle interventions, vulnerable populations, and acute surgical settings.