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Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Immunophenotyping of Orthotopic Homograft Syngeneic of Murine Primary KPC Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma by Flow Cytometry

Immunophenotyping of Orthotopic Homograft Syngeneic of Murine Primary KPC Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma by Flow Cytometry

Published on: October 9, 2018

Immunophenotyping of Tumours.

R Lakhtakia¹, S K Nema²

¹Senior Advisor (Pathology), CH (CC) Lucknow.

Medical Journal, Armed Forces India

|July 14, 2016

Summary

Immunophenotyping, a technique using immunohistochemical staining (IHC), significantly improves cancer diagnosis and treatment planning. This method aids in determining tumor origins, crucial for accurate final diagnoses in oncology.

Area of Science:

Oncology
Pathology
Immunohistochemistry

Background:

Immunophenotyping enhances diagnostic accuracy for malignant diseases.
It is crucial for planning specific cancer therapies and prognostication.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the significance of immunophenotyping in establishing the final diagnosis of tumors.
To assess the utility of immunohistochemical staining (IHC) in determining tumor origins.

Main Methods:

The study analyzed 83 cancer patient biopsies over 18 months.
Immunohistochemical staining (IHC) with monoclonal antibodies was performed on these biopsies.
The study excluded hematolymphoid malignancies.

Main Results:

Keywords:

Diagnosis Immunophenotyping Tumour markers

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Last Updated: Mar 18, 2026

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IHC was performed on 83 cases, including poorly differentiated, metastatic, soft tissue, and central nervous system tumors.

Two cases could not be definitively typed using IHC.

Clinicopathological correlations and potential misinterpretations were discussed.

Conclusions:

Immunophenotyping is a significant tool for achieving a final diagnosis in oncology settings.
Accurate tumor typing through IHC impacts patient management and treatment strategies.