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X-ray Imaging

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...

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Highly efficient blazed grating with multilayer coating for tender X-ray energies.

F Senf, F Bijkerk, F Eggenstein

|July 14, 2016

Summary

Blazed multilayer gratings effectively suppress stray light and higher orders for photon energies from 1-5 keV. These gratings demonstrate high efficiency, making them ideal for X-ray monochromators.

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Area of Science:

X-ray optics
Diffraction gratings
Multilayer coatings

Background:

Blazed gratings with multilayer coatings are crucial for suppressing stray and higher-order light in grating monochromators.
Effective performance is needed for photon energies in the 1-5 keV range.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and characterize a blazed grating with a multilayer coating for enhanced performance in X-ray monochromators.
To optimize the grating for high efficiency and suppression of unwanted light orders.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a blazed 2000 lines/mm grating with a 20-period Cr/C multilayer coating.
Adaptation of multilayer d-spacing (7.3 nm) to line distance (500 nm) and blaze angle (0.84°).
Measurement of grating efficiency and witness multilayer reflectance.

Main Results:

Measured efficiency of 35% at 2 keV and a maximum efficiency of 55% at 4 keV.
Demonstrated strong suppression of higher orders.
Achieved highest efficiency in the 1.5-3 keV photon energy range.

Conclusions:

Blazed multilayer gratings are highly effective for stray and higher-order light suppression in the 1-5 keV range.
These gratings are a favorable dispersing element for low X-ray energy applications.
The developed grating shows significant potential for X-ray monochromator applications.