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Related Concept Videos

Chirality in Nature02:30

Chirality in Nature

17.8K
Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
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Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers02:25

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

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Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
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Chirality02:25

Chirality

31.8K
Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
31.8K
Stereoisomerism02:52

Stereoisomerism

14.4K
Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
14.4K
Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity02:24

Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity

23.1K
It is essential to understand the difference between chiral and achiral interactions and the implications thereof in optical activity and their applications. Just as our feet, which are chiral, interact uniquely with chiral objects, such as a pair of shoes, but identically with achiral socks, enantiomers of a molecule exhibit different properties only when they interact with other chiral media. An example of a significant implication from this facet is the phenomenon known as optical activity,...
23.1K
Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds02:33

Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds

11.8K
In this lesson, we delve into the role of ring conformation and its stability, which determines the spatial arrangement and, consequently, the molecular symmetry and stereoisomerism of cyclic compounds. 1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane is used as a case study to evaluate the possible number of stereoisomers. Here, given the multiple (n = 2) chiral centers, there are 2n = 4 possible configurations that lack a plane of symmetry, as the ring skeleton exists in a non-planar chair conformation. In addition,...
11.8K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 18, 2026

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

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Optical bistability and multistability via quantum coherence in chiral molecules.

Fei Wang, Xunli Feng, C H Oh

    Optics Express
    |July 14, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Chiral molecules in a ring cavity show optical bistability and multistability. Their enantiomer excess can be determined by measuring optical switching behaviors, aiding molecular chirality studies.

    Area of Science:

    • Nonlinear Optics
    • Molecular Chirality
    • Quantum Optics

    Background:

    • Chiral molecules possess unique optical properties due to broken mirror symmetry.
    • Optical bistability (OB) and multistability (OM) are nonlinear optical phenomena with potential applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Investigate OB and OM in chiral molecules within a unidirectional ring cavity.
    • Explore the influence of molecular chirality on bistable and multistable behaviors.
    • Develop a method for probing molecular chirality and determining enantiomer excess.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical investigation of chiral molecules in a three-level Δ-configuration ring cavity.
    • Analysis of one-, two-, and three-photon resonance conditions.
    • Examination of the effects of varying enantiomer percentages on optical responses.

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    A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
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    An Electrochemical Cholesteric Liquid Crystalline Device for Quick and Low-Voltage Color Modulation
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    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Mar 18, 2026

    Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
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    A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
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    An Electrochemical Cholesteric Liquid Crystalline Device for Quick and Low-Voltage Color Modulation
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    Main Results:

    • Achieved OB under one-, two-, and three-photon resonance conditions.
    • Observed OM and switching between OB and OM by adjusting system parameters.
    • Demonstrated distinct bistable and multistable behaviors for left- and right-handed chiral molecules.
    • Found OB threshold intensity is dependent on enantiomer mixture percentage.

    Conclusions:

    • The system exhibits tunable optical bistability and multistability in chiral molecules.
    • The dependence of OB threshold on enantiomer percentage offers a method to probe chirality and determine enantiomeric excess.
    • Potential applications in organic chemistry, pharmacology, and biochemistry.