Human Papillomavirus Entry: Hiding in a Bubble
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Updated: Mar 17, 2026

In situ Subcellular Fractionation of Adherent and Non-adherent Mammalian Cells
Published on: July 23, 2010
Stephen DiGiuseppe1, Malgorzata Bienkowska-Haba1, Martin Sapp2
1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA.
Abstract:
Incoming human papillomavirus (HPV) utilize vesicular transport to traffic from the plasma membrane to the trans-Golgi network. Following nuclear envelope breakdown during mitosis, the viral DNA associates with condensed chromosomes utilizing spindle microtubules for delivery. Most intriguingly, the viral DNA resides in a transport vesicle until mitosis is completed and the nuclear envelope has reformed. This finding provides support for the transient existence of nuclear membrane-bound vesicles. Due to their transient nature, it also points to the existence of a cell pathway for the disposal of vesicles ending up fortuitously or purposefully in the nucleus.
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