Cognitive status in patients with multiple sclerosis in Lanzarote

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Neuropsychology

Background:

• Multiple sclerosis (MS) frequently causes cognitive impairment, affecting memory, processing speed, attention, and executive function in 43%-72% of patients.
• Understanding the specific cognitive and psychological impact in MS populations is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the prevalence and pattern of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis patients on a Spanish island.
• To assess the relationship between cognitive function, disease characteristics, and psychological status in this MS cohort.

Main Methods:

• A cohort of 70 MS patients and 56 healthy controls were evaluated using the Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Test.
• Patients completed assessments for fatigue, perceived cognitive dysfunction, anxiety, and depression symptoms.

Main Results:

• Cognitive impairment was identified in 35% of MS patients, with working memory, verbal memory, and processing speed being the most affected domains.
• Disease duration and Expanded Disability Status Scale scores correlated with specific memory and processing speed deficits.
• Verbal memory impairment was associated with increased depression symptoms and fatigue.

Conclusions:

• Cognitive impairment is prevalent in 35% of the studied MS population, with working and verbal memory deficits being most common.
• Cognitive decline in MS is associated with clinical variables and psychological factors like fatigue and depression, but not anxiety.
• Working memory and verbal fluency deficits appear to be independent factors influencing MS disease progression.