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Chlorhexidine Nanocapsule Drug Delivery Approach to the Resin-Dentin Interface.

B M Priyadarshini1, S T Selvan2, T B Lu3

  • 1Discipline of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.

Journal of Dental Research
|July 17, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces novel nanocapsules loaded with chlorhexidine (CHX) for enhanced drug delivery into dentinal tubules. The developed nanocapsules show deep penetration and sustained release, offering a promising approach for dental applications.

Keywords:
antibacterial agentsbiodegradationcollagendentin-bonding agentsdentinal fluidnanotechnology

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Dental Materials

Background:

  • Chlorhexidine (CHX) is crucial in adhesive dentistry for its antibacterial and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitory effects.
  • Demineralized dentin presents challenges for effective drug delivery due to its micro-scale structure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize novel Poly(ε-caprolactone) nanocapsules (nano-PCL) loaded with CHX for targeted delivery into dentinal tubules.
  • To evaluate the in vitro and ex vivo performance, including penetration, retention, and drug release kinetics of CHX-loaded nanocapsules.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of CHX-loaded nano-PCL via interfacial polymer deposition at varying PCL/CHX ratios.
  • Comprehensive in vitro characterization: particle size, ζ-potential, encapsulation efficiency, drug loading, morphology (SEM/TEM), structural properties (FTIR, XRD), antibacterial activity, and cytotoxicity.
  • Ex vivo assessment of nanocapsule infiltration, penetration depth, and retention in demineralized dentin under simulated pulpal pressure, followed by adhesive application and CHX release studies up to 25 days.

Main Results:

  • Spherical nano-PCL with a CHX core and PCL shell were successfully fabricated.
  • Higher CHX loading (125:50 ratio) resulted in smaller particle size, positive ζ-potential, enhanced antibacterial activity, and superior CHX release both in vitro and ex vivo.
  • SEM/TEM confirmed deep penetration and retention of nanocapsules within dentinal tubules, with gradual degradation and sustained CHX release.
  • Ag-labeled nanocapsules demonstrated even distribution within the resin tag structure at the resin-dentin interface.

Conclusions:

  • Novel CHX-loaded nanocapsules demonstrate effective deep penetration and retention within dentinal tubules.
  • The developed nanocarrier system offers sustained chlorhexidine release, indicating significant potential for demineralized dentin treatments and the resin-dentin interface.