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Epidemiology of Chest, Rib, Thoracic Spine, and Abdomen Injuries Among United States High School Athletes, 2005/06 to
Bernadette K Johnson1, R Dawn Comstock
1*Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; †Section of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; ‡Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; and §Pediatric Injury Prevention, Education, and Research (PIPER) Program, Aurora, Colorado.
Objective:
Describe chest and abdominal injury epidemiology among US high school athletes.
Design:
Retrospective analysis of longitudinal surveillance data.
Setting:
Injury data from 2005/06 to 2013/14 academic years were collected using an internet-based surveillance system.
Participants:
A large sample of US high schools.
Assessment Of Risk Factors:
Injuries sustained as a function of sport.
Main Outcome Measures:
Chest, rib, thoracic spine, and abdominal injuries sustained during high school athletic events.
Results:
Overall 1487 chest, rib, thoracic spine, and abdominal injuries occurred during 30 415 179 athletic exposures (AEs); an injury rate of 4.9 injuries per 100 000 AEs. Over half (56.8%) of injured athletes were evaluated by another medical provider in addition to the athletic trainer, and 34 injuries (2.3%) required surgery. Diagnostic techniques, including x-ray, magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography were used in 729 (49.0%) injuries. The injury rate was higher in boys' (6.8) than girls' (2.0) sports [rate ratio (RR), 3.43; 95% CI, 3.04-4.10]. Football (47.7%) accounted for the highest proportion of injuries followed by wrestling (18.5%), boys' soccer (4.6%), and girls' soccer (3.7%). The rate of injury was higher in competition than practice, (RR, 2.86; 95% CI, 2.59-3.23). Only 57.7% of injured athletes were able to return to play within 1 week.
Conclusions:
Chest and abdominal injuries in high school sports although relatively rare, can result in loss of playing time and frequently prompt medical evaluation. Thus, they present a physical and economic burden. To optimize prevention, further studies can focus on subgroup risk factor identification to drive development of targeted prevention strategies.
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