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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Cancer02:18

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Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
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Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
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A 3D Organotypic Melanoma Spheroid Skin Model
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Malignant Melanoma.

Eshini Perera1,2, Neiraja Gnaneswaran3, Ross Jennens4

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Melbourne University, Victoria 3010, Australia. eshinip@gmail.com.

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early diagnosis and targeted therapies improve melanoma survival rates. Management includes surgery, adjuvant treatments, and monitoring for metastasis, with ongoing research into pathway-targeting agents.

Keywords:
cancermalignant melanomamelaninmelanocytemelanomamolesnevusnodular melanomaskin cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Dermatology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Melanoma remains a significant cause of cancer-related mortality.
  • Public health initiatives and early detection have improved melanoma survival rates to over 90%.
  • Current management strategies encompass surgical excision, staging, adjuvant therapies, and metastasis surveillance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the comprehensive management of melanoma.
  • To discuss the prognostic significance of sentinel lymph node status.
  • To highlight emerging therapies targeting mitogen-activated pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current melanoma treatment protocols.
  • Analysis of prognostic factors, including sentinel lymph node biopsy.
  • Discussion of targeted therapies for melanoma.

Main Results:

  • Sentinel lymph node status is a key prognostic indicator for melanomas >1 mm.
  • Data on the survival benefit of complete lymph node dissection for micrometastasis is limited.
  • Targeted therapies acting on mitogen-activated pathways show promise in increasing patient survival.

Conclusions:

  • Multidisciplinary care, including staging and re-excision, is crucial for melanoma management.
  • Participation in clinical trials offers access to novel, pathway-targeting melanoma treatments.
  • Continued research into targeted therapies is essential for improving outcomes in advanced melanoma.