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Power amplifies existing information processing styles, influencing heuristic or systematic approaches. This effect is moderated by an individual's need for closure, impacting how they process information and form impressions.

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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Previous research suggests power influences heuristic and category-based information processing, but findings are inconsistent.
  • The role of individual differences in moderating the effects of power on cognition is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and test the novel idea that power magnifies chronically accessible information processing styles.
  • To examine how power influences heuristic versus systematic processing in relation to the need for closure.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted three empirical studies.
  • Performed a meta-analysis to synthesize findings.
  • Investigated information processing styles, need for closure, and effects of power.

Main Results:

  • Power increased heuristic information processing for individuals high in need for closure.
  • Heuristic processing was evidenced by schema-consistent information recognition and stereotypical impression formation.
  • Power decreased categorical representation complexity for those high in need for closure.
  • For individuals low in need for closure, power led to opposite effects, suggesting a shift towards more systematic processing.

Conclusions:

  • Power licenses individuals to rely on their dominant information processing strategies.
  • The effects of power on information processing are contingent on individual differences, specifically the need for closure.
  • Power increases interpersonal variability in information processing styles.