Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 17, 2026
05:40
The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans
Published on: April 28, 2022
3.7K
Predictors of 12-Step Attendance and Participation for Individuals With Stimulant Use Disorders
Mary Hatch-Maillette1, Elizabeth A Wells2, Suzanne R Doyle3
1University of Washington Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute, 1107 NE 45th St., Suite 120, Seattle, WA 98105; University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98105.
Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment
|July 20, 2016
Summary
Prior involvement in 12-step programs strongly predicts future participation for individuals with stimulant use disorders. This highlights the importance of previous engagement for sustained recovery support.
Area of Science:
- Addiction research
- Psychology
- Public Health
Background:
- Limited research exists on 12-step program effectiveness for non-alcohol substance use disorders, particularly stimulants.
- Understanding 12-step program generalization for stimulant use disorders is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine 12-step program utilization among stimulant users.
- To identify predictors of 12-step participation and attendance in this population.
- To explore the influence of drug of choice on 12-step engagement.
Main Methods:
- A clinical trial involving 471 individuals with cocaine or methamphetamine use disorders.
- Assessed 12-step program attendance, participation, and related activities.
- Examined baseline factors, including "12-step readiness" and perceived barriers/benefits.
Main Results:
- Previous 12-step attendance and involvement were the strongest predictors of future participation.
- Cocaine users reported more attendance in Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Narcotics Anonymous (NA) than methamphetamine users.
- Perceived benefits and lower perceived barriers predicted greater engagement in self-help activities.
Conclusions:
- Prior engagement is the primary indicator of future involvement in 12-step programs for stimulant users.
- Findings suggest continuity in 12-step engagement patterns across substance use disorders.
- Recommendations for future research and clinical practice are discussed.
Related Concept Videos
01:15Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena
1.4K
Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
1.4K
01:30Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
1.3K
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
1.3K
01:29Stimulants
1.2K
Stimulants are substances that enhance neural activity and elevate dopamine levels in the brain, leading to their highly addictive nature. These drugs include cocaine, amphetamines, MDMA, caffeine, and nicotine, each with distinct mechanisms of action and varied health implications.
Cocaine can be administered via snorting, injection, or smoking. It primarily functions by blocking the reuptake of dopamine, resulting in a euphoric high characterized by an intense sensation of happiness and...
Cocaine can be administered via snorting, injection, or smoking. It primarily functions by blocking the reuptake of dopamine, resulting in a euphoric high characterized by an intense sensation of happiness and...
1.2K
01:17Drug Dependence
1.9K
Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
1.9K
01:24CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids
1.1K
CNS stimulants, such as cocaine, amphetamines, and cannabinoids, have varying structures and mechanisms of action that lead to different therapeutic effects and side effects. Cocaine, with its molecular formula C17H21NO4, is a tropane alkaloid and a tertiary amino compound. It has two chemical forms: the hydrochloride salt and the "freebase." The former is in powder form, while the latter involves removing the hydrochloride salt to create a form that can be smoked. Cocaine exerts its...
1.1K
01:23Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Stimulants
2.2K
Ganglionic stimulants activate NM nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia, falling into two categories: nicotine mimetics [e.g., lobeline, dimethylpiperazine, tetramethylammonium] and muscarinic receptor agonists [e.g., muscarine, methacholine]. The first category's action is rapid and blocked by nicotinic receptor antagonists, while the second category's action is delayed and blocked by atropine-like agents. Nicotine, an alkaloid, affects the heart rate by stimulating...
2.2K