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Retrieval is the process of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness. This ability is essential for daily tasks like brushing hair and teeth, driving to work, and performing job duties. Retrieval occurs in three ways: recall, recognition, and relearning.
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A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test
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Recalling what was where when seeing nothing there.

Maria Staudte1, Gerry T M Altmann2

  • 1Department of Computational Linguistics, Saarland University, Campus, C7 4, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany. masta@coli.uni-saarland.de.

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|July 20, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recalling a location does not automatically bring to mind what was there. Eye-tracking studies show that disrupting or anticipating looks to a location does not affect memory recall of associated objects.

Keywords:
Episodic memory and recallEye movements and visual attentionRetrieval cues and memorySpatial memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Memory

Background:

  • Previous research suggested a link between recalling 'what' and 'where' information.
  • The concept of 'looks-at-nothing' was used to infer this connection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between visual attention and memory recall.
  • To determine if recalling 'where' automatically elicits recall of 'what'.

Main Methods:

  • An eye-tracking study was conducted.
  • Participants' eye movements were monitored during memory recall tasks.
  • Visual attention to specific locations ('there') was manipulated.

Main Results:

  • Disrupting eye movements to a location did not impair recall of associated 'what' information.
  • Anticipatory eye movements towards a location did not facilitate 'what' recall.
  • No evidence was found supporting the idea that recalling 'where' automatically triggers recall of 'what'.

Conclusions:

  • The findings challenge the notion that 'where' recall necessitates 'what' recall.
  • Visual attention to locations does not appear to be a critical mechanism for retrieving associated object memories.