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Single-photon emission tomography.

Karolien Goffin1, Koen van Laere1

  • 1Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|July 20, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) offers valuable insights into brain function for diagnosing neurological disorders. SPECT brain perfusion and dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging aid in conditions like epilepsy, cerebrovascular disease, and parkinsonism.

Keywords:
Parkinson's diseaseParkinson-plus syndromescerebrovascular diseasedementiadopamine transporter imagingepilepsyperfusion imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Nuclear Medicine
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is a functional nuclear imaging technique for in vivo brain neurobiology.
  • SPECT has a long history in diagnosing neurologic and psychiatric disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state-of-the-art of SPECT imaging for brain perfusion and dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging.
  • To highlight the diagnostic utility of SPECT in various neurological conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current applications of SPECT in epilepsy, cerebrovascular disease, traumatic brain injury, and organ donation.
  • Discussion of SPECT's role in neurodegeneration and differential diagnosis of parkinsonism.
  • Emphasis on the combined use of perfusion SPECT/FDG-PET and DAT imaging.

Main Results:

  • Brain perfusion SPECT is crucial for localizing seizure onset zones and assessing cerebrovascular reserve.
  • SPECT detects perfusion abnormalities in traumatic brain injury and aids in diagnosing brain death.
  • DAT imaging is vital for early and differential diagnosis of parkinsonism, distinguishing conditions like Parkinson's disease from other parkinsonian syndromes.

Conclusions:

  • SPECT imaging, particularly brain perfusion and DAT imaging, is a powerful tool in the diagnosis and management of diverse neurological disorders.
  • The combination of perfusion imaging and DAT SPECT enhances diagnostic accuracy for movement disorders and dementia.