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Gut dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.

Adreesh Mukherjee1, Atanu Biswas1, Shyamal Kumar Das1

  • 1Adreesh Mukherjee, Atanu Biswas, Shyamal Kumar Das, Department of Neurology, Bangur Institute of Neurosciences and Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal 700025, India.

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|July 20, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The gut plays a key role in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis, with alpha-synuclein pathology potentially starting in the gut and spreading to the brain. Enteric alpha-synuclein may serve as an early biomarker for PD.

Keywords:
ConstipationDysphagiaGastroparesisGut dysfunctionGut microbiotaParkinson’s diseaseSialorrhea

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gastroenterology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Parkinson's disease (PD) often presents with early gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, preceding motor deficits.
  • Alpha-synuclein pathology is prevalent in the gut, suggesting it may be the origin of PD.
  • Gut microbiota alterations are increasingly linked to PD pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of the gut in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis.
  • To investigate enteric alpha-synuclein as a potential early biomarker for PD.
  • To understand how GI dysfunction impacts PD clinical manifestations and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on PD, gut involvement, and alpha-synuclein.
  • Analysis of the rostrocaudal gradient of alpha-synuclein pathology in the gut.
  • Correlation of GI dysfunction with PD progression and medication response.

Main Results:

  • Gut involvement, including alpha-synuclein aggregation, is an early feature of PD.
  • Enteric alpha-synuclein is a potential biomarker for early PD detection.
  • GI issues like dysphagia and gastroparesis significantly affect oral medication absorption and contribute to motor fluctuations in PD patients.

Conclusions:

  • The gut is a critical site in early Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis, potentially initiating the disease process.
  • Enteric alpha-synuclein represents a promising biomarker for early PD diagnosis.
  • Managing GI dysfunction is crucial for improving treatment efficacy and quality of life in PD patients.