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Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides02:26

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

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Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.
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Preparation and Reactions of Thiols02:33

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Thiols are prepared using the hydrosulfide anion as a nucleophile in a nucleophilic substitution reaction with alkyl halides. For instance, bromobutane reacts with sodium hydrosulfide to give butanethiol.
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Xanthate-Functional Temperature-Responsive Polymers: Effect on Lower Critical Solution Temperature Behavior and

Wei Sung Ng1,2, Elizaveta Forbes2, George V Franks1

  • 1Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|July 20, 2016
PubMed
Summary

New xanthate-functional polymers offer tunable temperature-responsive behavior and selective metal attachment. These smart materials show increased adsorption to copper iron sulfide (chalcopyrite) over quartz, demonstrating potential for targeted applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Temperature-responsive polymers, like poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), are valuable smart materials.
  • Incorporating functional groups can modify polymer properties, including thermal response and surface interactions.
  • Xanthate groups offer potential for metal chelation and altering polymer solubility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize xanthate-functionalized PNIPAM copolymers.
  • To investigate the effect of xanthate incorporation on the lower critical solution temperature (LCST).
  • To evaluate the selective adsorption of these polymers onto mineral surfaces.

Main Methods:

  • Free radical polymerization was used to create random copolymers of PNIPAM with varying xanthate content (2-32%).
  • The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) was measured to assess thermal-responsive behavior.
  • Adsorption studies were conducted on chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) and quartz (SiO2) surfaces at room temperature.

Main Results:

  • Functionalization with 2% xanthate increased the LCST by 5 °C.
  • Increasing xanthate content raised the transition temperature and broadened the transition range.
  • At xanthate compositions of 18% or higher, the temperature-responsive transition was eliminated.
  • Polymer adsorption onto chalcopyrite increased with xanthate content, while adsorption onto quartz remained minimal.

Conclusions:

  • Xanthate-functional polymers exhibit tunable temperature-responsive properties and selective metal affinity.
  • The hydrophilic xanthate groups influence the LCST and can ultimately suppress the phase transition.
  • These polymers demonstrate a strong affinity for copper iron sulfide surfaces compared to quartz, attributed to xanthate-metal interactions.