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Related Concept Videos

Mutations01:35

Mutations

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Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
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Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

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In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...
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Spontaneous and Induced Mutations01:30

Spontaneous and Induced Mutations

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Spontaneous mutations arise infrequently during DNA replication due to errors in the process. A key factor behind these errors is tautomeric shifts in nitrogenous bases, where bases transition from keto to enol forms or amino to imino forms. This shift can alter base-pairing rules, leading to mutations. Additionally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) arising from aerobic metabolism can damage DNA, resulting in depurination (loss of a purine base) or depyrimidination (loss of a pyrimidine base).
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DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

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In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
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DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle

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In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
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Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

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DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
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Quantification of three DNA Lesions by Mass Spectrometry and Assessment of Their Levels in Tissues of Mice Exposed to Ambient Fine Particulate Matter
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Quantification of three DNA Lesions by Mass Spectrometry and Assessment of Their Levels in Tissues of Mice Exposed to Ambient Fine Particulate Matter

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Heat Stress-Induced DNA Damage.

O L Kantidze1, A K Velichko1, A V Luzhin1

  • 1Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova str. 34/5, 119334, Moscow, Russia.

Acta Naturae
|July 21, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Heat stress impacts DNA integrity through various mechanisms. This review details known and potential pathways of heat stress-induced DNA damage, expanding beyond heat shock proteins.

Keywords:
DNA damageDNA repairDNA replicationheat shocktopoisomerase

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cellular Stress Response

Background:

  • The heat-stress response is well-studied, primarily focusing on heat shock proteins (HSPs) and heat shock factors (HSFs).
  • Research has largely overlooked the direct effects of heat stress on nucleic acids and related cellular processes.
  • Recent advancements indicate a need to explore heat stress's impact on DNA integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize current knowledge on heat stress-induced DNA damage.
  • To elucidate both established and hypothetical mechanisms by which heat stress affects DNA.
  • To highlight the gap in understanding nucleic acid responses to thermal stress.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research.
  • Analysis of studies investigating DNA damage under heat stress conditions.
  • Discussion of proposed and confirmed molecular mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Heat stress can directly induce various forms of DNA damage.
  • Mechanisms include oxidative stress, impaired DNA repair, and direct thermal effects on DNA structure.
  • The role of heat shock proteins in mitigating DNA damage is acknowledged but not the sole focus.

Conclusions:

  • Heat stress poses a significant threat to DNA integrity through multiple pathways.
  • Further research is crucial to fully understand and address heat stress-induced DNA damage.
  • Expanding the focus beyond HSPs is essential for a comprehensive view of the heat-stress response.