Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response

Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The Intersection of COVID-19 and Autoimmunity: What is Our Current Understanding?

Pathogens & immunity·2021

Same author

Treatment of psoriasis with ustekinumab in a patient with HIV-related Kaposi sarcoma.

Clinical and experimental dermatology·2018

Same author

ESCMID Study Group for Infections in Compromised Hosts (ESGICH) Consensus Document on the safety of targeted and biological therapies: an infectious diseases perspective (Soluble immune effector molecules [II]: agents targeting interleukins, immunoglobulins and complement factors).

Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases·2018

Same author

Rheumatic immune-related adverse events of checkpoint therapy for cancer: case series of a new nosological entity.

RMD open·2017

Same author

Progress in US Olympie Sports Medicine.

The Physician and sportsmedicine·2016

Same author

Sportsmedicine forum.

The Physician and sportsmedicine·2016

Same journal

Injury surveillance during the 2024 under-20's Men's European Field Lacrosse Championships.

The Physician and sportsmedicine·2026

Same journal

Understanding health insurance and the delay in care for partial meniscectomies: a comparison between public and private coverage.

The Physician and sportsmedicine·2026

Same journal

Injury incidence and risk factors in youth American football versus soccer: a national emergency department analysis.

The Physician and sportsmedicine·2026

Same journal

Links between concussion history, hypertension, and hypertension contributing factors among adolescent football athletes.

The Physician and sportsmedicine·2026

Same journal

Core muscle endurance and balance as predictors of lateral ankle sprain in adolescent team-sport athletes: a prospective cohort study.

The Physician and sportsmedicine·2026

Same journal

Impact of Achilles tendon rupture on performance and career outcomes in NFL players: a matched cohort study.

The Physician and sportsmedicine·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Exergaming in Older People Living with HIV Improves Balance, Mobility and Ameliorates Some Aspects of Frailty

Exergaming in Older People Living with HIV Improves Balance, Mobility and Ameliorates Some Aspects of Frailty

Published on: October 6, 2016

HIV and Sports: What Is the Risk?

L H Calabrese, H A Haupt, L H Moderator

The Physician and Sportsmedicine

|July 21, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Athletes fear contracting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in sports, influenced by professional players. This study examines athlete perceptions and the actual medical evidence of HIV transmission risk during athletic activities.

More Related Videos

Oral Combinational Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV-1 Infected Humanized Mice

Oral Combinational Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV-1 Infected Humanized Mice

Published on: October 6, 2022

In Vivo Protocol of Controlled Subconcussive Head Impacts for the Validation of Field Study Data

In Vivo Protocol of Controlled Subconcussive Head Impacts for the Validation of Field Study Data

Published on: April 18, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Exergaming in Older People Living with HIV Improves Balance, Mobility and Ameliorates Some Aspects of Frailty

Exergaming in Older People Living with HIV Improves Balance, Mobility and Ameliorates Some Aspects of Frailty

Published on: October 6, 2016

Oral Combinational Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV-1 Infected Humanized Mice

Oral Combinational Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV-1 Infected Humanized Mice

Published on: October 6, 2022

In Vivo Protocol of Controlled Subconcussive Head Impacts for the Validation of Field Study Data

In Vivo Protocol of Controlled Subconcussive Head Impacts for the Validation of Field Study Data

Published on: April 18, 2019

Area of Science:

Sports Medicine
Public Health
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Professional athletes' fears regarding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission in sports settings are notable.
Concerns about playing with or against athletes living with HIV are prevalent among athletic communities.
Primary care physicians are often the first point of contact for athletes seeking information on HIV and sports.

Purpose of the Study:

To address athlete anxieties surrounding HIV transmission in sports.
To evaluate the medical evidence regarding the risk of HIV transmission during athletic participation.
To provide accurate information to healthcare providers serving athletic populations.

Main Methods:

Convened a discussion panel including two medical experts and a college athlete.
Gathered insights on athletes' perceptions and understanding of HIV.
Reviewed and discussed current medical evidence on HIV transmission risks in sports contexts.

Main Results:

Athlete perceptions of HIV transmission risk in sports are often disproportionate to the actual medical evidence.
Misconceptions regarding HIV transmission routes in athletic environments were identified.
The discussion highlighted a need for clearer communication of scientific evidence to athletes.

Conclusions:

Athlete fears about HIV transmission in sports are common but not always supported by scientific evidence.
Educating athletes and healthcare providers on the low risk of HIV transmission in sports is crucial.
Addressing these fears requires a combination of accurate medical information and open dialogue.