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Return of the Great Pox.

Crispian Scully, Jane F Setterfield

    Dental Update
    |July 22, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Syphilis is globally increasing, affecting both immune-compromised and competent individuals. This review highlights syphilis

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    Area of Science:

    • Infectious Diseases
    • Dermatology
    • Oral Medicine

    Background:

    • Global resurgence of syphilis, a significant public health concern.
    • Syphilis diagnosis is complicated by its varied presentations, especially in immunocompetent individuals.
    • Co-infection with HIV/AIDS is common but not exclusive to syphilis cases.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the historical context and clinical characteristics of syphilis.
    • To emphasize the oral manifestations of syphilis.
    • To underscore the importance of considering syphilis in differential diagnoses.

    Main Methods:

    • Comprehensive literature review on syphilis.
    • Analysis of historical data and clinical case studies.
    • Focus on epidemiological trends and diagnostic challenges.

    Main Results:

    • Syphilis incidence is rising worldwide.
    • Unusual clinical manifestations and behaviors are observed in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients.
    • Oral lesions are a notable and sometimes primary presentation of syphilis.

    Conclusions:

    • Syphilis requires heightened clinical suspicion due to increasing prevalence and diverse presentations.
    • Oral manifestations of syphilis are critical diagnostic clues.
    • Syphilis must be included in the differential diagnosis for oral ulcers and lesions.

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