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Related Concept Videos

Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

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Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
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Hair Cells01:22

Hair Cells

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Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system—they transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy that the nervous system can understand. Hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear, between the basilar and tectorial membranes. The actual sensory receptors are called inner hair cells. The outer hair cells serve other functions, such as sound amplification in the cochlea, and are not discussed in detail here.
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The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

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The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
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Hearing01:31

Hearing

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When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
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GPCR Desensitization01:12

GPCR Desensitization

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G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling plays a crucial role in cell functioning. GPCR desensitization is an equally essential process. It allows cells to respond to changing environments and regain sensitivity to new stimuli while preventing unnecessary stimulation when no longer needed. Prolonged exposure to stimuli leads to GPCR desensitization. It involves blocking the receptors from binding and activating additional G proteins. This inhibits activation of downstream effectors, thereby...
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GPCRs Regulate Adenylyl Cylase Activity01:09

GPCRs Regulate Adenylyl Cylase Activity

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Some GPCRs transmit signals through adenylyl cyclase (AC), a transmembrane enzyme. AC helps synthesize second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). AC catalyzes cyclization reaction and converts ATP to cAMP by releasing a pyrophosphate. The pyrophosphate is further hydrolyzed to phosphate by the enzyme pyrophosphatase, which drives cAMP synthesis to completion. However, cAMP is rapidly degraded to 5′ AMP by the enzymes phosphodiesterase (PDE), preventing overstimulation of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Postsynaptic Recordings at Afferent Dendrites Contacting Cochlear Inner Hair Cells: Monitoring Multivesicular Release at a Ribbon Synapse
11:45

Postsynaptic Recordings at Afferent Dendrites Contacting Cochlear Inner Hair Cells: Monitoring Multivesicular Release at a Ribbon Synapse

Published on: February 10, 2011

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Maturation of suprathreshold auditory nerve activity involves cochlear CGRP-receptor complex formation.

Ian M Dickerson1, Rhiannon Bussey-Gaborski2, Joseph C Holt3

  • 1Deptartment of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester New York.

Physiological Reports
|July 22, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) enhances auditory nerve activity in adult mice. This enhancement is developmentally delayed due to the maturation of CGRP receptors in the cochlea.

Keywords:
CGRPCGRP‐RCPCLRRAMP1cochleacochlear nerveco‐immunoprecipitationdevelopmentalefferentjuvenilelateral olivocochlear efferentsmousesensory coding

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Postsynaptic Recordings at Afferent Dendrites Contacting Cochlear Inner Hair Cells: Monitoring Multivesicular Release at a Ribbon Synapse
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Physiology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is present in cochlear efferent fibers and increases auditory nerve activity in adult animals.
  • A developmental delay in CGRP's effect on nerve activity was observed in frog lateral-line organs.
  • Similar developmental delays in sound-evoked auditory nerve activity were noted between juvenile and adult mice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of CGRP signaling in the developmental increase of suprathreshold sound-evoked activity in the auditory nerve.
  • To determine the underlying mechanisms responsible for the developmental delay in auditory nerve response enhancement.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of sound-evoked auditory nerve activity in juvenile and adult wild-type mice.
  • Analysis of auditory nerve activity in juvenile mice with a targeted deletion of the αCGRP gene (CGRP null).
  • Assessment of CGRP receptor (CLR, RAMP1, RCP complex) formation in the cochlea at different developmental stages.

Main Results:

  • Juvenile mice exhibited a developmental delay in increased suprathreshold sound-evoked auditory nerve activity compared to adults.
  • CGRP null mice did not show the typical developmental increase in nerve activity, implicating CGRP signaling.
  • The developmental delay was linked to delayed CGRP receptor formation, not CGRP expression, with functional receptors maturing by 3 months of age.

Conclusions:

  • CGRP signaling plays a crucial role in the maturation of auditory nerve function.
  • The developmental enhancement of sound-evoked activity is dependent on the maturation of functional CGRP receptor complexes in the cochlea.
  • This study provides a model where cochlear function is improved by the maturation of CGRP receptor complexes.