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Nutrition Habits and Knowledge in Competitive Adolescent Female Gymnasts.

A R Loosli, J Benson, D M Gillien

    The Physician and Sportsmedicine
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    Female adolescent gymnasts show poor diet quality and low energy intake, falling short of recommended levels. Many athletes have inadequate intake of essential nutrients like calcium and iron, highlighting a need for nutrition education.

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    Area of Science:

    • Sports Nutrition
    • Adolescent Health
    • Nutritional Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Competitive female adolescent gymnasts have unique nutritional demands.
    • Assessing diet quality and nutrition knowledge is crucial for optimizing athletic performance and health.
    • Previous studies indicate potential nutritional gaps in young athletes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the diet quality and nutrition knowledge of competitive female adolescent gymnasts.
    • To identify specific nutrient shortfalls and energy deficits in this population.
    • To determine the potential benefit of nutrition education interventions.

    Main Methods:

    • A cohort of 97 competitive female adolescent gymnasts participated.
    • Dietary intake was assessed using a three-day diet record.
    • Nutrition knowledge was evaluated via a questionnaire.

    Main Results:

    • Gymnasts consumed an average of 1,838 kcal/day, a deficit of 300 kcal compared to recommendations.
    • Over 40% of athletes had diets providing less than two-thirds of the recommended intake for calcium, folate, vitamin B6, iron, and zinc.
    • The athletes demonstrated poor nutrition knowledge.

    Conclusions:

    • Competitive female adolescent gymnasts exhibit suboptimal energy intake and diet quality.
    • Significant shortfalls in key micronutrients (calcium, folate, B6, iron, zinc) were observed.
    • A targeted nutrition education program is recommended to improve dietary habits and health outcomes for these athletes.