Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

RACE - Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends02:35

RACE - Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends

7.5K
Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends, or RACE, is one of the most effective methods to obtain a full-length cDNA from an mRNA sequence between a known internal region to the unknown sequence at the 5’ or 3’ end. The unknown region is cloned in the cDNA by a gene-specific primer that binds the known end, and a hybrid primer that attaches a predefined anchor sequence to the unknown end of the cDNA. The sequence in between is amplified by PCR with an anchor primer and a gene-specific...
7.5K
Racemic Mixtures and the Resolution of Enantiomers02:30

Racemic Mixtures and the Resolution of Enantiomers

22.7K
A racemic mixture, or racemate, is an equimolar mixture of enantiomers of a molecule that can be separated using their unique interaction with chiral molecules or media. Racemic mixtures are denoted by the (±)- prefix. This ‘optical rotation descriptor’ applies to the whole solution of a racemic mixture rather than a specific stereoisomer. Enantiomers typically have the same physical and chemical properties. Hence, they are not easily separable. However, enantiomers can exhibit...
22.7K
Stereochemical Effects of Enolization01:12

Stereochemical Effects of Enolization

2.8K
The chiral α-carbon of the carbonyl compound is the stereocenter of the molecule. As shown in the figure below, when such a carbonyl compound undergoes racemization under an acidic or basic condition, an achiral enol is formed.
2.8K
Small GTPases - Ras and Rho01:24

Small GTPases - Ras and Rho

5.6K
Ras and Rho are small monomeric GTPases that act downstream of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and regulate various cellular processes. These GTPases switch between active and inactive states by binding to guanine nucleotides.
Three regulatory proteins control their activity:
5.6K
Cell Polarization by Rho Proteins01:21

Cell Polarization by Rho Proteins

4.0K
Cell polarity is the asymmetric distribution of cellular and membrane components, making one side of the cell different from the other. This polarity is essential to many processes such as embryogenesis, axon migration, glucose transport across epithelial cells, and directional cell migration. A migrating cell responds to intracellular or extracellular signals via molecular cascades that reorganize the actin cytoskeleton to establish this polarity. In these cells, the Rho family proteins Cdc42,...
4.0K
Response Surface Methodology01:16

Response Surface Methodology

779
Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is a collection of statistical and mathematical techniques used to develop, improve, and optimize processes. It is particularly valuable when many input variables or factors potentially influence a response variable.
The process of RSM involves several key steps:
779

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Corrigendum to "Directed evolution of an integral membrane monooxygenase unlocks its full potential" [Bioresour. Technol. 447 (2026) 134249].

Bioresource technology·2026
Same author

Directed evolution of an integral membrane monooxygenase unlocks its full potential.

Bioresource technology·2026
Same author

Growth of <i>Hydrogenophaga pseudoflava</i> on syngas: design of gas and liquid medium composition based on elemental yield coefficients.

Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology·2026
Same author

An automated platform for accelerating and focusing adaptive laboratory evolution.

Metabolic engineering·2025
Same author

Data-driven protease engineering by DNA-recording and epistasis-aware machine learning.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Permeabilisation of the Outer Membrane of Escherichia coli for Enhanced Transport of Complex Molecules.

Microbial biotechnology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Behavioral Characterization of Pentylenetetrazole-induced Seizures: Moving Beyond the Racine Scale
07:35

Behavioral Characterization of Pentylenetetrazole-induced Seizures: Moving Beyond the Racine Scale

Published on: July 8, 2025

1.6K

Exploiting racemases.

Christian Femmer1, Matthias Bechtold1, Tania Michelle Roberts1

  • 1ETH Zurich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland.

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
|July 23, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Enzymatic racemases double chiral resolution yields by racemizing unwanted enantiomers. This biocatalysis offers a mild alternative to harsh chemical methods, expanding applications in life sciences.

Keywords:
Amino acidsDynamic kinetic resolutionEnantiomersIntegrated processesRacemases

More Related Videos

Using the Race Model Inequality to Quantify Behavioral Multisensory Integration Effects
08:13

Using the Race Model Inequality to Quantify Behavioral Multisensory Integration Effects

Published on: May 10, 2019

6.9K
Adapting 3' Rapid Amplification of CDNA Ends to Map Transcripts in Cancer
09:38

Adapting 3' Rapid Amplification of CDNA Ends to Map Transcripts in Cancer

Published on: March 28, 2018

12.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Behavioral Characterization of Pentylenetetrazole-induced Seizures: Moving Beyond the Racine Scale
07:35

Behavioral Characterization of Pentylenetetrazole-induced Seizures: Moving Beyond the Racine Scale

Published on: July 8, 2025

1.6K
Using the Race Model Inequality to Quantify Behavioral Multisensory Integration Effects
08:13

Using the Race Model Inequality to Quantify Behavioral Multisensory Integration Effects

Published on: May 10, 2019

6.9K
Adapting 3' Rapid Amplification of CDNA Ends to Map Transcripts in Cancer
09:38

Adapting 3' Rapid Amplification of CDNA Ends to Map Transcripts in Cancer

Published on: March 28, 2018

12.9K

Area of Science:

  • Biocatalysis
  • Enzymology
  • Organic Chemistry

Background:

  • Chiral resolutions are limited to 50% theoretical yield.
  • Racemization of the undesired enantiomer can double yields.
  • Chemical racemization methods are often harsh and incompatible with functionalized molecules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the natural roles, occurrence, and applications of racemases.
  • To summarize the biochemistry and engineering of racemase biocatalysts.
  • To highlight emerging applications beyond amino acid racemization.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of racemase functions and applications.
  • Analysis of enzymatic catalysis for racemization.
  • Biochemical and engineering perspectives on racemase biocatalysts.

Main Results:

  • Racemases enable efficient, single-step racemization.
  • Amino acid and mandelate racemases are key examples.
  • Biocatalytic racemization is compatible with sensitive, functionalized compounds.

Conclusions:

  • Enzymatic racemization offers a mild and effective strategy to overcome yield limitations in chiral resolutions.
  • Racemases have significant biotechnological applications, particularly in enantiopure amino acid production.
  • Emerging applications for mandelate and amino acid racemases are expanding the utility of these biocatalysts.