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Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

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The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
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Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy01:21

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Satellite stem cells or myosatellite cells are quiescent stem cells that Alexander Mauro first identified in 1961. These cells are located between the sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of muscle fibers, and the basal lamina, the connective tissue sheath covering it. These mononucleated cells are activated in response to muscle injury, can transform into myoblasts, and may form or repair muscle fibers. Myosatellite cells can provide additional myonuclei for muscle regeneration or return to a...
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Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests01:15

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Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
The edrophonium test is a diagnostic tool for myasthenia gravis. It involves...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Utility of Dissociated Intrinsic Hand Muscle Atrophy in the Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
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Utility of Dissociated Intrinsic Hand Muscle Atrophy in the Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

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Distal Myopathies: Case Studies.

Aziz Shaibani1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Nerve and Muscle Center of Texas, Baylor College of Medicine, 6624 Fannin # 1670, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Neurologic Clinics
|July 23, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

About 15% of myopathies cause distal weakness. Diagnosis involves electromyography, genetic testing for specific diseases like facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, or muscle biopsy for others.

Keywords:
DistalMyofibrillarMyopathyWeakness

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Distal weakness affects approximately 15% of myopathy cases.
  • Identifying the cause of distal weakness is crucial for effective management.

Observation:

  • Lack of sensory deficit and preserved reflexes suggest a myopathic origin.
  • Electromyography (EMG) is a key diagnostic tool.
  • Spontaneous discharges on EMG are indicative of inflammatory, metabolic, or myofibrillar myopathy (MFM).

Findings:

  • Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD), myotonic dystrophy, and inclusion body myositis are common causes of myopathic distal weakness.
  • Other potential causes include MFM, distal muscular dystrophies, metabolic myopathies, and congenital myopathies.
  • Genetic testing offers rapid diagnosis for suspected FSHD.
  • Muscle biopsy is essential for differentiating specific myopathic features when genetic testing is inconclusive.

Implications:

  • Accurate diagnosis of distal weakness is vital for targeted treatment strategies.
  • Understanding the differential diagnosis aids clinicians in selecting appropriate diagnostic tests.
  • Further research into less common causes of myopathic distal weakness may improve patient outcomes.