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Related Concept Videos

Muscles that Move the Leg01:23

Muscles that Move the Leg

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The movement of the legs is facilitated by numerous muscles located within the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh.
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The quadriceps femoris, the most visible muscle of the anterior compartment, is integral for leg extension and thigh flexion. It is formed by merging four distinct muscles — the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris. The quadriceps tendon, a shared tendon of the four quadriceps muscles, is affixed...
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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Author Spotlight: Double Posteromedial Approach for Treating Posterior Cruciate Ligament Cysts
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Diagnosing Posterolateral Rotatory Knee Instability.

R A Swain, F D Wilson

    The Physician and Sportsmedicine
    |July 23, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Posterolateral rotatory knee instability, often missed, can be diagnosed using two clinical tests. Treatment involves bracing, physical therapy, and sometimes surgery for the arcuate ligament complex.

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    Area of Science:

    • Orthopedic Surgery
    • Sports Medicine
    • Knee Biomechanics

    Background:

    • Posterolateral rotatory instability (PLRI) is a frequently overlooked knee injury.
    • The arcuate ligament complex is crucial for knee stability, particularly against posterolateral forces.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the diagnosis and treatment of posterolateral rotatory knee instability.
    • To highlight simple clinical tests for identifying this condition.

    Main Methods:

    • Case review of a recreational athlete with PLRI.
    • Description of the external rotational recurvatum test.
    • Description of the posterolateral drawer test.

    Main Results:

    • The external rotational recurvatum test and posterolateral drawer test can effectively identify injuries to the arcuate ligament complex.
    • PLRI is often unrecognized in clinical practice.

    Conclusions:

    • Early and accurate diagnosis of PLRI is essential for appropriate management.
    • Conservative treatment (bracing, physical therapy) is often effective.
    • Surgical intervention may be necessary for persistent or severe cases of PLRI.