Renal artery stenting in a 2-year-old child with resistant hypertension and neurofibromatosis

The occurrence of vascular lesions in neurofibromatosis is uncommon but well documented. These vascular lesions when present, occur predominantly in the kidneys, endocrine glands, heart and gastrointestinal tract, causing stenosis or obliteration of the lumen. We report a case of uncontrolled resistant hypertension in a 2-year-old child presenting with neurofibromatosis who was found to have a high-grade ostial left renal artery stenosis and obliteration of the right renal artery. As the right kidney was small and hypo-functioning, and its renal artery was totally occluded, we subjected the child to a left renal angioplasty and bailout stenting. Following stenting, the blood pressure decreased with anti-hypertensive treatment. Based on a review of the literature, and to the best of our knowledge, this is the youngest child to have undergone renal artery stenting.