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Plasma dilution during transdermal clonidine antihypertensive monotherapy
E T Zawada1, R A Jensen, L Williams
1Royal C. Johnson VA Medical Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota.
The International Journal of Artificial Organs
|March 1, 1989
Summary
Transdermal clonidine treatment in hypertensive patients led to plasma dilution, indicated by lower serum sodium and protein levels. This effect may be caused by increased water intake due to dry mouth, a common side effect.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Pharmacology
- Cardiovascular Medicine
Background:
- Hypertension is a prevalent cardiovascular condition requiring long-term management.
- Transdermal clonidine is a centrally acting antihypertensive medication.
- Potential side effects of clonidine, such as dry mouth, can influence fluid balance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the long-term effects of transdermal clonidine on plasma volume in hypertensive patients.
- To assess changes in key hematological and electrolyte parameters indicative of plasma dilution.
Main Methods:
- Eight hypertensive patients were treated with transdermal clonidine for one year.
- Measurements included serum sodium, hemoglobin, serum protein levels, and free water clearance.
Main Results:
- Significant reductions in serum sodium, hemoglobin, and serum protein levels were observed, suggesting plasma dilution.
- Free water clearance remained statistically unchanged throughout the study period.
- Dry mouth was a frequently reported symptom, potentially leading to increased water intake.
Conclusions:
- One year of transdermal clonidine therapy can induce plasma dilution in hypertensive patients.
- Increased water intake, secondary to dry mouth, is a likely mechanism sustaining this dilution.
- These findings highlight the importance of monitoring fluid balance during long-term clonidine treatment.