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Related Concept Videos

Operon Model01:23

Operon Model

2.0K
The operon model represents a fundamental mechanism of gene regulation in prokaryotes, enabling coordinated expression of genes involved in related metabolic or functional pathways. Operons consist of structural genes, a promoter, and an operator, with transcription regulated by repressors, activators, and small effector molecules.Structure and Function of OperonsAn operon is a cluster of structural genes transcribed together under the control of a single promoter. The promoter region...
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Operons02:09

Operons

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Prokaryotes can control gene expression through operons—DNA sequences consisting of regulatory elements and clustered, functionally related protein-coding genes. Operons use a single promoter sequence to initiate transcription of a gene cluster (i.e., a group of structural genes) into a single mRNA molecule. The terminator sequence ends transcription. An operator sequence, located between the promoter and structural genes, prohibits the operon’s transcriptional activity if bound by...
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Operons02:09

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Prokaryotic Gene Structure and Organization01:28

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Prokaryotic genomes exhibit a streamlined organization of coding and non-coding regions essential for gene expression and protein synthesis. While coding regions contain the genetic instructions for proteins or functional RNAs, non-coding regions regulate the precise transcription and translation of these genes.Coding Regions: Proteins and RNAsThe primary coding regions, known as structural genes, include sequences transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) and ultimately translated into...
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Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
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Repressible Operon: trp Operon01:21

Repressible Operon: trp Operon

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The trp operon in Escherichia coli exemplifies a repressible operon. It regulates the synthesis of tryptophan through repressor-mediated transcriptional control and attenuation. This dual regulatory mechanism ensures tryptophan biosynthesis occurs only when needed, conserving cellular resources.Structure of the trp OperonThe trp operon consists of five structural genes (trpE, trpD, trpC, trpB, and trpA) that encode enzymes for tryptophan biosynthesis. These genes are transcribed as a single...
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Demonstrating a Multi-drug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Amplification Microarray
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REMap: Operon map of M. tuberculosis based on RNA sequence data.

Shaaretha Pelly1, Kathryn Winglee1, Fang Fang Xia2

  • 1Center for Tuberculosis Research, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1550 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.

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This study presents REMap, a novel algorithm using RNA sequencing (RNAseq) to create accurate operon maps for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This tool improves genetic understanding and manipulation of bacteria.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Operon maps are crucial for understanding gene organization and genetic manipulation.
  • Current operon prediction methods rely on computational genomics and may lack physiological relevance.
  • RNA sequencing (RNAseq) offers a powerful approach for experimentally validating operon structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate an operon map for Mycobacterium tuberculosis using RNAseq data.
  • To introduce REMap (RNA Expression Mapping of operons), a novel algorithm for operon prediction.
  • To improve the accuracy of operon prediction, particularly for challenging gene arrangements.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized RNA sequencing (RNAseq) data from both exponential and stationary growth phases of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
  • Developed the REMap algorithm, which analyzes transcription coverage of intergenic regions.
  • Avoided reliance on functional annotation and arbitrary gene structure assumptions.

Main Results:

  • A validated operon map for Mycobacterium tuberculosis was generated, revealing that at least 58.4% of genes are organized into 749 operons.
  • The REMap algorithm demonstrated superior accuracy in predicting operons compared to previous computational methods.
  • REMap effectively predicted operons with long intergenic regions or functionally unrelated genes.

Conclusions:

  • The developed operon map provides a foundational tool for Mycobacterium tuberculosis research.
  • REMap offers a more accurate and physiologically relevant method for operon prediction in bacteria.
  • The publicly available REMap tool can be adapted for operon mapping in diverse bacterial species.