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Related Concept Videos

Cryo-electron Microscopy01:28

Cryo-electron Microscopy

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Conventional electron microscopy (EM) involves dehydration, fixation, and staining of biological samples, which distorts the native state of biological molecules and results in several artifacts. Also, the high-energy electron beam damages the sample and makes it difficult to obtain high-resolution images. These issues can be addressed using cryo-EM, which uses frozen samples and gentler electron beams. The technique was developed by Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, and Richard Henderson, for...
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Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
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Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

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In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
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Overview of Electron Microscopy01:25

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The wavelengths of visible light ultimately limit the maximum theoretical resolution of images created by light microscopes. Most light microscopes can only magnify 1000X, and a few can magnify up to 1500X. Electrons, like electromagnetic radiation, can behave like waves, but with wavelengths of 0.005 nm, they produce significantly greater resolution up to 0.05 nm as compared to 500 nm for visible light. An electron microscope (EM) can create a sharp image that is magnified up to 2,000,000X.
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Updated: Mar 17, 2026

A Robust Single-Particle Cryo-Electron Microscopy cryo-EM Processing Workflow with cryoSPARC, RELION, and Scipion
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Atomic resolution structure determination by the cryo-EM method MicroED.

Shian Liu1, Johan Hattne1, Francis E Reyes1

  • 1Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia, 20148.

Protein Science : a Publication of the Protein Society
|July 26, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electron cryo-microscopy (MicroED) is a rapidly advancing technique for crystal structure determination. This review compares MicroED with X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs), discussing their respective strengths and future potential.

Keywords:
MicroEDcryo EMcrystallographynano crystals

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Area of Science:

  • Structural Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Electron cryo-microscopy (cryoEM) has seen rapid development in methods.
  • Microcrystal Electron Diffraction (MicroED) is a key cryoEM technique for structure determination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key steps in MicroED, from crystal analysis to structure determination.
  • To compare MicroED with X-ray Free-Electron Laser (XFEL) diffraction.
  • To discuss the strengths and limitations of both MicroED and XFEL.

Main Methods:

  • Review of MicroED methodology.
  • Comparative analysis of MicroED and XFEL techniques.
  • Tabulation of current MicroED structures.

Main Results:

  • Key steps in MicroED are highlighted.
  • Comparison of MicroED and XFEL reveals distinct advantages and disadvantages.
  • A comprehensive table of existing MicroED structures is provided.

Conclusions:

  • MicroED is a powerful and developing tool for high-resolution structure determination.
  • Understanding the comparative strengths of MicroED and XFEL is crucial for selecting appropriate methods.
  • Future prospects for MicroED in structural biology and materials science are promising.