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Internalizing/Externalizing Problems: Review and Recommendations for Clinical and Research Applications.

Thomas M Achenbach1, Masha Y Ivanova1, Leslie A Rescorla2

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Research on internalizing and externalizing problems highlights issues with current assessment methods. Recommendations are provided for improving the precision and consistency of these assessments for better clinical and research outcomes.

Keywords:
childrendimensional hierarchiesexternalizinginternalizingpsychopathology

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Area of Science:

  • Child and adolescent psychology
  • Developmental psychopathology
  • Clinical assessment

Background:

  • Internalizing and externalizing problems are widely studied, with over 75,000 articles published.
  • Existing research presents challenges for clinical and research applications due to varied assessment methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent research on internalizing/externalizing problems in children and adolescents (ages 1.5-18).
  • To identify methodological issues in assessing these problems.
  • To recommend improvements for precise, consistent, and informative assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of 4,870 peer-reviewed articles (2012-2014) using "internalizing" or "externalizing" keywords.
  • Detailed coding of 693 articles that employed methodologically sound assessment measures.
  • Analysis of data from diverse samples across 65 societies, involving multiple informants.

Main Results:

  • A significant number of studies utilized measures lacking methodological soundness.
  • The 693 selected articles reported on 649,457 children globally.
  • Diverse variables were analyzed for associations with internalizing/externalizing problems using various methods.

Conclusions:

  • Varied assessment procedures for internalizing/externalizing problems create challenges.
  • Recommendations emphasize using assessment instruments with robust standardization, reliability, validity, and normative data.
  • Adopting these recommendations can advance clinical services and research in child psychopathology.