Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 17, 2026

Muscle Function Obtained with Motion Mode Ultrasound and Surface Electromyography during Core Endurance Exercise
Published on: August 25, 2022
Influence of trunk muscle activity and stability in front and back holding
Qing-Guang Liu1, Qiang-Min Huang1, Feng-Hu Wang2
1a Department of Sports Medicine , Shanghai University of Sport , China.
Purpose:
A tandem carrying style is often used in the workplace, but carrying approaches are different for two people because of the holding load in the tandem posture. To understand these carrying styles, this study aimed to investigate the patterns of muscle activity and stability of the trunk influenced by front and back holding of a heavy load.
Methods:
Electromyography data of eight trunk and two hip muscles, as well as displacements of the trunk, were recorded for analysis while subjects stood statically holding a handle in the front and back of the body with and without load.
Results:
Without load, muscle activities during front holding mirrored those during back holding. With load, greater muscle activities were observed in the dorsal muscles of the trunk and lesser activities were noted in the ventral muscles in the two holding styles. More frequencies of trunk oscillations occurred in front holding with and without load.
Conclusions:
The results revealed that back holding of load created more stability of the upper body, whereas front holding resulted in more instability of the trunk.
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